Property:Sources

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Showing 250 pages using this property.

E

Egg-Hat +

Daily Cleveland Herald, April 24, 1867, as posted to the 19CBB listserve by Kyle DeCicco-Carey on 8/19/2008. p. 42 +

Evansville Townball +

F. M. Gilbert, History of the City of Evansville (Pioneer Publishing, 1910), page 106-108. +

F

Feeder +

The Boy's Own Book, (London: D. Bogue, 1852), page 29. See also Elliott, The Playground and the Parlour (1868), p. 53. +

Five Hundred +

G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), pages 61 and 174. +

Flys-Are-Up, Flies-Up +

<a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> See also G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004). +

Fungo +

Culin, S. (1891). "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn." Journal of American Folklore, volume 4, page 232; Our Game log, July 16, 2022 Henry Chadwick, Sports and Pastimes for American Boys (Routledge, New York, 1884), page 18. F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 245. +

G

Gate-ball (Thorball) +

R. Bowen, Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development Throughout the World (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1970), page 36. Bowen does not give dates or sources for the Dutch/Danish accounts. +

German Ball Game +

E. Perrin, et al., One Hundred and Fifty Gymnastic Games (G. H. Ellis, Boston, 1902), pages 22-23. +

German Baseball +

Roland Naul, “Applied Sport History,” Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport (Plantin-Print, Budapest, 2002), pages 432ff. +

German Bat Ball +

Lydia Clark, Physical Training for the Elementary Schools (B. H. Sanborn, Chicago, 1921), pages 240-243. Emily Elmore and M. O’Shea, A Practical Handbook of Games (Macmillan, New York, 1922), pages 36-39. +

Gi-Gi Ball +

Jane Leavy [Koufax bio, page ref needed]. +

Gidigadie +

John Harland, ed., A Volume of Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester in the Sixteenth Century (Chetham Society, 1884), page 156. +

Giftball +

Jugndspiele zur Ehhjolung und Erheiterung (W. Simmerfled, Tilsit Germany, 1845). Also. email from Bill Hicklin, 1/24/2016. +

Goal Ball +

The best known references to Goal Ball are Robin Carver, The Book of Sports (Boston, Lilly Wait Colman and Holden, 1834), pp 37-40, -- see Protoball entry [[1834.1]] -- and Boy’s and Girl’s Book of Sports (Providence, Cory and Daniels), pp 17-19 -- see Protoball Chronology entries [[1835.6]] and [[1854.23]]. +

Grutz +

Paul R. Wieand, Outdoor Games of the Pennsylvania Germans (Plymouth Meeting, PA: Mrs. C. N. Keyser, 1950)., page 9. +

H

Half-Rubber +

Hugh M. Thomason, “A Depression-Days Schoolyard Game,” Western Folklore, Vol. 34, Issue 1, January 1975, pages 58-59. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-rubber. Philadelphia version: Brian Howard, “Wild in the Streets,” City Paper June 5, 1997, <a href="http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/060597/article077.shtml">http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/060597/article077.shtml</a>. +

Hand-in-Hand-Out +

Teresa McLean, The English at Play in the Middle Ages (Kensal Press, 1985), page 80. In The Royal Dictionary by A. Boyer (London, 1764), Hand In Hand Out is defined as "the Name of an unlawful Game," and translated into French as "forte de jeu defendu." +

Hat Ball +

Newell, Games and Songs of American Children. page 183. Paul G. Brewster, American Nonsinging Games (University of Oklahoma Press, 1953), page 85. +

Hit the Stick +

Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.", page 231. +

Hook-em-Snivy +

The Alabama Reporter, as reprinted in Spirit of the Times (January 16, 1847), page 559. Provided by David Block, 2/28/2008. +

Hornebillets +

David Cram, et al., editors, Francis Willughby’s Book of Games (Ashgate, 2003), page 182. +

Hornie-Holes (also Kittie-Cat) +

J. Jamieson, Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (Edinburgh, 1825), page 592-593. +

House Ball +

R. C. MacLagan, "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'," Folklore 16, no. 1 (1905), page 83. A similar description appears in Folk Lore; A Quarterly Review of Myth, Tradition, Institution, and Custom (David Nutt, London, 1905), page 83. +

Howland Rounders +

<a href="http://howlandrounders.com/">http://howlandrounders.com</a>. Unique among sports organizations, perhaps the Board for this game features a chair and two CEOs. +

I

Indian Ball +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games (U of Oklahoma Press, 1953) page 80. https://www.chrisoleary.com/projects/Indian-Ball-Game/index.html +

Indoor Baseball +

See Paul Dickson, The Worth Book of Softball (Facts on File, 1994), Chapter 3 (pages 46-59). Also, John Allen Krout, Annals of American Sport(Yale University Press, 1929), page 219. The above quotation is found in Peter Morris, A Game of Inches (Ivan Dee, 2010 single-bvolume edition, page 498. +

Ins and Withs +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), pages 47-48. +

Irish Rounders +

“Irish Rounders,” email from Peadar O Tuatain to L. McCray, January 30 2002. Also note Howard Burman's 2013 report at http://protoball.org/Irish_Rounders_(Burman%27s_Report) +

J

Jellal +

G. T. Lowth, The Wanderer in Arabia; or, Western Footsteps in Eastern Tracks (Hurst and Blackett, London, 1855), pages 108-110. +

K

Kappenspiel +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Kekivar +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Kersa +

Prospective Missions in Abyssinia (Massachusetts Sabbath School Society, Boston, 1834), page 74. +

Kibel and Nerspel +

Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1., page 298. +

Kick the Ball +

Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.", pages 230-231. G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 32. +

Kick the Can +

G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 230. +

Kick the Wicket +

G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 230. +

Kickball +

<a href="http://www.kickball.com/">http://www.kickball.com/</a>, accessed 10/09/09. +

King’s Play (Cluich an Righ) +

MacLagan, "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'.", page 80. +

Kit-Cat +

Brand, Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: The Origins of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies and Superstitions (London: George Bell and Sons, 1900), pages 423-424. +

Kitten Ball +

See Paul Dickson, The Worth Book of Softball (Facts on File, 1994), page 52-53. +

Knattleikar or Knattleikr +

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6KSqgkJxnY, accessed 4/4/2022. +

Knock-Out +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 245. +

Kopfspeel +

Walter Endrei and Laszlo Zolnay, Fun and Games in Old Europe (Budapest: Corvina Klado, 1986). +

L

La Batonet +

Geo. Clulow, in Notes and Queries: A Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers, Etc. (J. Francis, London, 1895), Volume 7 -- January - June, pages 375-376. +

Lahden Mailaveikot +

Per Maigaard, “Battingball Games,” Genus 5 (1941). Reprinted in Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, Appendix 6. See page 260ff in Block. +

Lapta +

New York Times, September 16, 1952, as cited in Paul Dickson, The Dickson Dictionary (Third Edition, Norton, 2009), page 485. Bill Keller, "In Baseball, the Russians Steal All the Bases," New York Times, July 20 1987. Ira Berkow, "Russian Eye on Baseball," New York Times, August 14 1989. Carl Schreck, "No Wrong Way to Swing Bat," The St. Petersburg Times, October 31 2003. +

Line Ball +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 365. +

Long Ball (European baserunning game) +

Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," Genus 5 (1941). Reprinted as Appendix 6 in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It (U. Nebraska, 2005), pages 260ff. Henry S. Curtis, Play and Recreation for the Open Country (Ginn, 1914). pages 62-63. +

Long Dutch +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 415. The camp program is found at <a href="http://www.bgbrigade.com/programs-8th.asp">http://www.bgbrigade.com/programs-8th.asp</a> +

Long Town +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 62. Curtis, Henry S. Play and Recreation for the Open Country (Ginn, 1914). +

M

Massachusetts Game +

The Mass game rules appeared in Mayhew and Baker, Base Ball. A Manual of Cricket and Base Ball, With Rules and Regulations Illustrated. (Boston, Mayhew and Baker, 1858), pages20 - 24. For a more modern treatment, see John Thorn's Our Game blog at https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/the-game-that-got-away-a385699cd936 +

Matball (Big Base) +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/matball">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/matball</a>. Accessed 10/11/09. https://kickballzone.com/detailed-look-matball/. Accessed 7/11/23. (Lists 'Swedish Baseball' s another name for the game.) +

Mickey +

F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), pages 586-587. +

Monday, Tuesday +

Games and Sports for Young Boys, (Routledge, Warne, and Routledge, London, 1859)., page 33. Also described in Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (London, D. Nutt, 1894), page unspecified. +

Move-Up +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. Brewster cites Mason and Mitchell, Active Games [“Rotation”], page 327 and Boyd, [“Piggie Move Up”], page 65. F. G. Cassidy et al., Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996). +

Munshets +

Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1, pages 407-408. +

N

Nations +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Nine Holes +

The Boy's Own Book, pages 29-30. Ball Games (Routledge, 1860), page 54. The Boy's Handy Book (Ward and Lock, London, 1863), pages 18-19. Alfred Elliott, The Playground and the Parlour (Nelson and Sons, London, 1868) page 56. +

Norr and Spell +

Ball Games., page 56. Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1., pages 421-423. +

Northern Spell +

Strutt, The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England. +

Norwegian Ball +

Collections of the State Historical Society, Volume 2 (State Printers and Binders, Bismark ND, 1908), pages 213-214. Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," Genus 5 (1941); see Block, Appendix 6, page 263. +

O

Off-the-Wall +

<a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> +

Oina +

“Play Oina!: Romanians Say Their Game Inspired Creation of Baseball,” Oneonta Times, March 29, 1990. “Oina – Perhaps it was Baseball’s Grandfather,” World Leisure and Recreations Association Bulletin, September-October 1973. http://www.romania-insider.com/forgotten-romanian-national-sport-oina-baseball/ [This source states that oina became the national sport officially in 2014, but is endangered today and is "almost forgotten," with only 25 village clubs active. It also claims that the sport has been documented in the 1300s. The sport was declared compulsory in Romanian schools in 1897.] Several Youtube videos describe Oina (if you find others, let us know). Most of the following were scouted out by John Thorn, and submitted in an email to Protoball on 1/19/2017: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw8abRh7OjY [English, <3 mins. An oina preservation campaign is sustained by two photographers who have produced a photobook for sale.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6gzU3vH4XA [Non-English, >6 mins. An inspired schematic representation that manages to convey many of the rules of play.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btJcbhEDiIM [Not narrated, < 1 minute. A few dozen photos from a recent book on oina.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88BRU5QlS0A&t=3s [Non-English narration, > 5 mins.] Varieties of mostly bucolic play. You'll find more with a YouTube search for "oina." +

B

Base Ball +

One investigation of Old Fashioned Base Ball is at Astifan and McCray, "'Old-Fashioned Base Ball' in Western New York, 1825-1860," Base Ball, volume 2 number 2 (Fall 2008), pages 26-34. +

O

Old Hundred +

W. Battle, Memories of an Old-Time Tar Heel, (UNC Press, Chapel Hill, 1945), page 57. +

Om El Mahag +

Ado Gini, "Rural Ritual Games in Libya," Rural Sociology 4, no. 1 (1939). Lidstrom and Bjarsholm, Batting, Running, and ‘Burning’ in Early Modern Europe: A Contribution to the Debate on the Roots of Baseball, International Journal of the History of Sport (2020), at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09523367.2020.1714597 +

One O’ Cat +

Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.." pages 231-232. +

One, Two, Three +

F. G. Cassidy, Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 232. +

One-Three-One-One +

F. G. Cassidy, Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 882. +

Over-the-Line +

<a href="http://www.baseballfit.com/otl.htm">http://www.baseballfit.com/otl.htm</a> <a href="http://www.ehow.com/how_2251292_play-over-line.html">http://www.ehow.com/how_2251292_play-over-line.html</a> Peter Morris, A Game of Inches (Ivan Dee, 2010 single-volume edition), page 499. +

P

Palant +

Josh Chetwynd, Baseball in Europe: A Country by Country History (McFarland, 2008). page 219. <a href="http://www.google.com/translate?hl=en&ie=UTF8&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grabow.com.pl%2F%3Fregulamin-gry-w-palanta">http://www.grabow.com.pl/regulamin-gry-w-palanta</a> <a href="http://www.ghs-mh.de/traditions/topics/health/sports_pl.htm">http://www.ghs-mh.de/traditions/topics/health/sports_pl.htm</a> D. Block, Base Ball Before We Knew It (UNebraska Press, 2005), page 101. Protoball entry [[1609.1]] summarizes the Jamestown account. +

Patch Baseball +

See Protoball Chronology item [[1850c.17]]. Thanks to Skip McAfee for explaining the term. +

Peanut Baseball +

W. Runquist, “The Hill,” in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), page 98. +

Pellet +

MacLagan, R. C. "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'." Folklore, volume 16, no. 1 (1905), page 87. R. C. MacLagan, The Perth Incident of 1396 from a Folk-lore Point of View (Blackwood and Son, 1905), page 54. The Encyclopedic Dictionary (Cassel, Peter and Galpin, 1882), page 625. J. Harland, A Volume of Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester in the Sixteenth Century (Chetham Society, 1864), page 156. +

Pepper +

Charlie Metro (with [[Tom Altherr]]), Safe By A Mile (U Nebraska Press,2002), page 426. +

Pesapallo +

An introduction to the game is found at <a href="http://www.pesis.fi/pesapalloliitto/international_site/introduction_to_the_game/">http://www.pesis.fi/pesapalloliitto/international_site/introduction_to_the_game/</a> +

Petjeball +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Philadelphia Bat Ball +

Emily Elmore and M. O’Shea, A Practical Handbook of Games (Macmillan, New York, 1922), pages 93-95. +

Philadelphia Town Ball +

Richard Hershberger, “A Reconstruction of Philadelphia Town Ball,” Base Ball, Volume 1, number 2 (Fall 2007), pages 28-43. +

Pie-Ball +

O. Heslop, Northumberland Words (Oxford U Press, London, 1893), page 535. +

Pingball +

B. Boynton, “Diceball and Pingball,” in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004) pages 156 - 159. +

Pitching-In +

<a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> +

Pize Ball +

Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 2 (New York: Dover [reprint -- original publication 1898], 1964), page 45. +

Playground Ball +

G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 32. +

Podex +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podex">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podex</a> +

Poisoned Ball +

Les Jeux Des Jeunes Garcons, (Paris, Chez Nepveu, 4th edition, 1818), page 37. +

Prelleries +

Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," Genus 5 (1941); reprinted in Block, Baseball Before We Knew It (U. Nebraska, 2005), Appendix 6, page 263. +

Punchball +

G. E. Johnson, What to Do at Recess (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 32. <a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a>. +

R

Retenido +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Roley Poley +

Culin, "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.." page 234. +

Rotation +

J. H. McCurdy, “Classification of Playground Activities,” American Physical Education Review Volume 16 (1911), page 49. +

Round Ball +

Henderson, Bat, Ball and Bishop p. 137. Morris, Baseball Fever p. 23; Thorn, Baseball in the Garden of Eden p. 57-60; Block, Baseball Before We Knew It p. 159-160, 87-88. +

Round Cat +

Dialect Notes (American Dialect Society, Norwood MA, 1896), page 214. Altherr, "Southern Ball Games--Chermany, Round Cat, Etc." Base Ball (Spring 2011). +

Round Town (Round Town Ball) +

[A] Peter Morris, But Didn't We Have Fun: An Informal History of Baseball's Pioneer Era, 1843-1870 (Ivan Dee, Chicago, 2008), pp.16-18. For data on 12 names of predecessor games, see the book's index entry for 'Rival Bat-and-Ball', page 282. [B] J. Lambert and H. Reinhard, A History of Catasaqua in Lehigh County (Searle and Dressler, Allentown, 1914), page 364.: William F. Mason, The Journal of William Franklin Mason, completed in 1954; from <a href="http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ky/elliott/mason/mason29.txt">http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ky/elliott/mason/ mason29.txt</a>, accessed 2/24/2008. [C] New York Clipper January 1866. 19CBB post 2/2/2002 by John Freyer [D] Email from Bill Hicklin, February 6, 2016, citing D. Reedy, ed., School and Community History jof Dickenson County, Virginia [1994] [E] Bruce Allardice, contributions to Protoball, (date lost). +

Rounders -- Hungary +

Gyula Hajdu, "Collection of Hungarian Folk Games" (as Translated from Hungarian Magyar Nepi Jatekok Gyujtemenye) (Budapest: 1971), page 173. +

Rounds +

Brewster, American Nonsinging Games. +

Roundsies +

G. Carney, “The Tennis Court,” in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), page 110. +

Rownes +

W. Carew Hazlitt, Faiths and Folklore: A Dictionary of National Beliefs, Superstitions and Popular Customs (London: Reeves and Turner, 1905)., page 527. +

Run-Around +

See Protoball Chronology item #[[1855c.1]]. The letter was written to the Mills Commission, which was examining the origins of American baseball. +

S

Schlagball +

Endrei, W., and Laszlo Zolnay, Fun and Games in Old Europe. Budapest, (Corvina Klado, 1986). +

Single-Wicket Cricket +

Thorne, Baseball in the Garden of Eden, p. 79. Rowell, p. 17; wikipedia; New York Clipper, May 24, 1856: https://crickethistory.website/single_wicket/single_wicket_checklist.html Origins Committee Newsletter, October, 2022. +

Sixteen-Inch Softball (No-Glove Softball) +

M. Davey, “Gloveless Players Hold on to Softball Dream,” New York Times, 9/18/09. E. Hageman, “The Clincher,” In Gary Land, ed., Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), pages 131-132. +

Sky-Ball +

Norwich Courier, Volume 11, issue 8 (May 16, 1832), page 1. H. Philpott, “A Little Boys’ Game with a Ball,” The Popular Science Monthly, Volume 37, Number 5 (September 1890) page 654. Writing in volume 5, no. 4 (April 2012) of ''Originals,'' Tom Altherr notes that a 1900 source on schoolyard games noted "The game of Flip Up or Sky-Ball is still played by smaller children, and sometimes by large ones (especially girls). It is often played by as many as a dozen players and is here known as "Tip-Up," or "Tippy-Up." The 1900 source is D. C. Gibson, "Play Ball," ''Mind and Body: A Monthly Journal'',Volume 7, no 73 (March 1900), page 7. No rules for this game is given. +

Slavonic Long Ball +

Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," Genus 5 (1941); reprinted in Block Baseball Before We Knew It, Appendix 6, page 263. +

Soak Ball +

Adrian C. Anson, A Ball Player's Career (Era Publishing, 1900) pp. 13-14. +

Sockey +

Hall, The Tribune Book of Open-Air Sports (1887), cited in K. Grover, Hard at Play: Leisure in America, 1840-1940 (UMass Press, 1992), page 244. F. C. Tatum, Old West Town Ferris Brothers, Philadelphia, 1888), page 8. +

Softball +

Paul Dickson, The Worth Book of Softball (Facts on File, 1994). Morris A Bealle, The Softball Story (Washington: Columbian Publishing Group, 1956). +

Speilinn +

MacLagan, R. C. "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'." Folklore 16, no. 1 (1905), pages 87-88. +

Spoonie Hoosie +

Amy Stewart Fraser, Dae Ye Min’ Langsyne? (Routledge, 1975), page 59. +

Square Ball +

Jane Leavy [Koufax bio, page needed]. Emily W. Elmore, A Practical Handbook of Games, (Macmillan, NY, 1922), pages 17-18. +

Squares +

David Block, Baseball before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game (University of Nebraska Press, 2005), page 138. The original source is Montague, The Youth's Encyclopedia of Health (1838). +

Stickball +

Gregory Christiano, <a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a> +

Stones +

The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 2 (New York: Dover [reprint -- original publication 1898], 1964), pages 216-217. +

Stoolball +

For more information on Stoolball England and the current status of the game, see <a href="http://www.stoolball.org.uk/">http://www.stoolball.org.uk/</a>. For a 2013 review of the recent upwelling of interest in stoolball, see [[Stoolball Today -- The Rejuvenation of an Ancient Pastime]]. Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (New York; Dover, 1964 – reprinted from two volumes printed in 1894 and 1898), pp 219-220 A. Lusted, Girls Just Wanted to Have Fun: Stoolball Reports in Local Newspapers, 1747 to 1866, (44 pages) 2013. A. Lusted, The Glynde Butterflies Stoolball Team 1866-1887 (96 pages), 2011. L. McCray, "The Amazing Francis Willughby, and the Role of Stoolball in the Evolution of Baseball and Cricket," Base Ball, volume 5, number 1,. pages 17 to 20. See the article on Stoolball in the Origins Committee Newsletter, December, 2021. And https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/pilgrim-stoolball-and-the-profusion-of-american-safe-haven-ballgames-bc277817999b +

Strike Up and Lay Down +

The Boy's Handy Book., pages 18-19. +

Stub One +

F. G. Cassidy, Dictionary of American Regional English (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 882. +

Swede Ball +

Collections of the State Historical Society, Volume 2 (State Printers and Binders, Bismark ND, 1908), pages 213-214. Maigaard, "Battingball Games." Genus 5 (1941). (Reprinted as Appendix 6 of Block, Baseball Before We Knew It.) See page 263. +

T

Tabeh +

Henry H. Jessup, The Women of the Arabs, with a Chapter for Children (Dodd Mead, 1873), page 90. +

Three-Base Ball +

Posted to the 19CBB listserve on May 13, 2007 by Craig B. Waff. Craig cites the source as “Sports in Old Brooklyn: Colonel John Oakley Tells of the Games of His Boyhood: How Some Well-Known Men Amused Themselves in Bygone Days – Duck-on-the-Rock, Three Base Ball and Two Old Cat Good Enough for Them,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Volume 54, number 292 (Sunday, October 21, 1894), page 21, columns 4-5. +

Thèque +

Block, David, Baseball before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game (University of Nebraska Press, 2005)., pages 147-148. +

Tip-Cat +

Joseph Strutt, The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England—a New Edition, Much Enlarged and Corrected by J. Charles Fox (????? (Reissued by Singing Tree Press, Detroit, 1968), 1903)., pages 109-110 The Boy's Handy Book., page 14. Aspin, "Ancient Customs, Sports, and Pastimes of the English" (1832) p. 225 Gomme, Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1. pages 294-295. Dick, ed., Dick and Fitzgerald, the American Boys Book of Sports and Games: A Practical Guide to Indoor and Outdoor Amusements (Lyons Press Reprint, 2000). Originally Published in 1864., pages 117-118. D. C. Beard, The American Boy’s Book of Sport (Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1896), page 332. H. D. Richardson, Holiday Sports and Pastimes for Boys, (Wm S. Orr, London, 1848), pages 63-64. +

Touch-Ball +

“The American Base Ball Players,” Guardian, July 31, 1874, page 5. E. G. Sihler, “College and Seminary Life in the Olden Days,” in W. Dau., ed., Ebenezer: Reviews of the Work of the Missouri Synod During Three Quarters of a Century (Concordia Publishing, St. Louis, 1922), page 253. +

Touch-the-Base +

Whitelaw Reid, Ohio in the War (Moore, Wilstach and Baldwin, Cincinnati, 1868), page 562. See also PBall Chronology entry #[[1840c.37]] +

Tournoi +

Charles Johnston, Famous Generals of the Great War (Page Company, Boston, 1919), page 253. +

Tradgy +

O. Heslop, Northumberland Words (Oxford U Press, London, 1893), page 741. +

Trap Ball +

Wikipedia New York Evening Post, June 8, 1821 Aspin, "Ancient Customs, Sports, and Pastimes of the English" (1832) p. 223. Walker, "Games and Sports" (1837) p. 237. Hone, "The Spots and Pastimes of the People of England..." pp. 107-109 +

Tribet +

Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 307. Promptorium Parvulorum (Society of Camden, reprinted 1865), page 503. +

Tripbal +

Josh Chetwynd, Baseball in Europe: A Country by Country History (McFarland, 2008). page 14. +

Trippit and Coit (Trippets, Trip-Cat) +

Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 308. +

Trounce-Ball +

Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 309. +

Trunket +

Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (New York; Dover, 1964 – reprinted from two volumes printed in 1894 and 1898), page 310. +

Tut-Ball +

[A] Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 314. [B] Joseph Wright, The English Dialect Dictionary (Henry Frowd, London, 1905), page 277. Part or all of this entry appears to credit Burne's Folklore (1883) as its source. +

Two-Base Town Ball +

Bell Irvin Wiley, The Common Soldier in the Civil War (Grosset and Dunlap, New York, 1952), Book Two, “The Life of Johnny Reb,” page 159. +

U

Unnamed Games - Balkans +

Endrei, Fun and Games in Old Europe. +

Unnamed Games - Czech +

-Hippolytus Guarinoni*, The Horrors of the Devastation of the Human Race (Orig: Greuel Der Verwustung Des Menschlichen Geschlechts (Ingolstadt, Austria 1610). <div> Block, David, Baseball before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game (University of Nebraska Press, 2005). </div> <div> Endrei, Fun and Games in Old Europe. </div> +

Unnamed Games - Hungarian +

Endrei, Fun and Games in Old Europe. +

Up-Ball +

Juvenile Pastimes: Or, Girls’ and Boys’ Book of Sports (S. Babcock, New Haven, 1849.) +

V

Vigoro +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigoro">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigoro</a>. <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=history%20of%20vigoro%20game">https://www.google.com/search?q=history%20of%20vigoro%20game</a> +

W

Waggles (Whacks) +

Alice B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 329. +

Welsh Baseball +

For a history of Welsh baseball, see http://www.welshbaseball.co.uk/history/history/journal/. Included is Martin Johnes, "'Poor man's Cricket': Baseball, Class and Community in South Wales, c.1880 - 1950." International Journal of the History of Sport' volume 17, number 4 (December 2000). George Vecsey, "Playing Baseball in Wales," New York Times, August 11 1986. Kevin O'Brien - www.welshbaseball.co.uk +

Wicket +

Short descriptions of the game are found in Protoball Chronology items #[[1846.8]], #[[1850s.16]], and #[[1855c.3]]. There is also a Protoball Subchronology at http://protoball.org/Chronology:Wicket. As of 2022, Protoball lists over 50 milestones for to wicket. Robin Carver, The Book of Sports (Boston, 1834). See chapter III, "Games with a Ball. The simpler game appears on pages 48-49." Carver does not name the simpler game as wicket. An excellent article on wicket in CT, by Alex Dubois, appeared in the March 2022 Origins/Protoball Committee Newsletter. +

Wiffle ball +

For a longish New Yorker article on an advanced form of wiffle ball, see https://www.newyorker.com/news/sporting-scene/the-men-who-have-taken-wiffle-ball-to-a-crazy-competitive-place?mbid=social_twitter. (Submitted 9/3/2018 by Glenn Stout; pitches have been measured at over 90 mph.) A web search for <ben mcgrath wiffle ball> may help you locate the New Yorker piece. It is dated August 31, 2018. For a lighthearted You Tube exposition of the fourth-best team in the the National Wiffleball Championship Tournament (what year? where played?), see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPEnXCtwHeU. The Wiffle Ball Company's somewhat spartan site is at http://www.wiffle.com/. Also, see Billy Baker, "Takes a Swing at Wiffle Ball Legacy," Boston Globe, September 9, 2019, pp 1 and A7. +

Wireball +

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireball">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireball</a> +

Workup +

Two examples of Work-Up are depicted in G. Land, Growing Up with Baseball (UNebraska, 2004), pages 83 and 175. +

C

Cricket +

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYZFNRc9mKk +

1

1861.21 +

Sophronia E. Bucklin, In Hospital and Camp: A Woman’s Record of Thrilling Incidents Among the Wounded in the Late War (Potter and Company, Philadelphia, 1869), pp. 35-36. Viewed at Google Books 5/27/09, via the search <bucklin camp>. +

1861.22 +

New York Sunday Mercury, Dec. 8, 1861 +

1861.23 +

[A] New York Sunday Mercury, April 7, 1861 [B] New York Sunday Mercury, May 12, 1861 +

1861.24 +

Wilkes' Spirit of the Times, April 27, 1861. +

1862.25 +

New York Sunday Mercury, Aug. 2, 1862 +

1862.29 +

The Boston Recorder, June 12, 1862 +

1862.53 +

Kevin Roberts, "We Were Marching on Christmas Day" p. 62 +

1863.1 +

[A] History. The First National Bank of Scranton, PA (Scranton, 1906), page 37. This is, at this time (2011), the only known reference to championship games in the warring armies. As described in Patricia Millen, On the Battlefield, the New York Game Takes Hold, 1861-1865, Base Ball Journal, Volume 5, number 1 (Special Issue on Origins), pages 149-152. [B] Larry McCray, [[Ballplaying in Civil War Camps]]. [C] Bruce Allardice, email to Protoball of August, 2013. [D] (((add Steinke ref and Clipper url here?))) +

1863.2 +

Richard Hershberger, "The 'New Marlboro Match Base Ball Co.' of 1863", in Base Ball (McFarland, Spring 2010), p. 87. The documents, part of an autograph album, are part of a private collection. +

1863.9 +

Elizabeth Ware Pearson, Letters from Port Royal Written at the Time of the Civil War (W. B. Clarke, Boston, 1906), page 162. Accessed 6/7/09 on Google Books via “from port royal” search. Port Royal is about 15 miles north of Holton Head SC and about 40 miles NE of Savannah GA. +

1863.17 +

Adams, Reminiscences of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment (Wright and Potter, Boston, 1899), pp 60-61. +

1863.19 +

Nicholas E. Young, letter to Spalding, December 2, 1904. Accessed at the Giamatti Center of the Baseball; Hall of Fame, 6/26/09, in the “Origins file. Summarized in George Kirsch, Baseball in Blue and Gray (Princeton U, 2003), page 37. Zoss and Bowman’s Diamonds in the Rough says that the 32nd had a cricket team and that Young played on it [p. 81]. +

1863.29 +

http://amanlypastime.blogspot.com/2014/08/battling-in-parisppany-and-base-ball.html +

1863.39 +

The New York Herald, April 29, 1863 +

1863.42 +

[A]Michael Zitz, “Soldiers Recount Stafford Baseball Games,” carried on the Fredericksburg.com website, accessed 6/14/2009. Google search <of the veteran 13th>. [B]Allison C. Barash, “Baseball in the Civil War, The National Pastime (January 2001), pp 17-18. Stafford VA is about 10 miles north of Fredericksburg and 65 miles north of Richmond. +

1863.58 +

J. Evers and H. Fullerton, Touching Second: The Science of Baseball (Reilly and Britton, Chicago, 1910), pages 21-22. Accessed 6/28 on Google Books via “touching second” search. This book provides no source for the Dryden passage. +

1863.48 +

New York Clipper, June 20, 1863 +

1864.6 +

H.W. Howe “Diary of Henry Warren Howe, February 1864,” Passages from the Life of Henry Warren Howe ( Courier-Citizen, 1899), page 61. Provided by Jeff Kittel, 2009. See https://archive.org/details/passagesfromlife00inhowe. +

B

Buff-Ball +

Philip Vickers Fithian, Philip Vickers Fithian Journal and Letters 1767-1774, John Rogers Williams, ed. (Freeport NY, Books for Libraries Press, 1969 [1900]), page 49. Reported in "Tom Altherr's Notebook," Originals volume 5, number 6 (June 2012), pages 1-2. +

S

Sockball +

Henry J. Philpott, "A Little Boys' Game with a Ball," Popular Science Monthly, volume 37 (May to October 1890), page 651. +

H

Hole-Ball +

Henry J. Philpott, "A Little Boys' Game with a Ball," Popular Science Monthly, volume 37 (May-October 1890), pages 651-652. +

W

Wibble-Wobble +

<table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr><th> </th> <td> Henry J. Philpott, "A Little Boys' Game with a Ball," Popular Science Monthly, volume 37 (May-October 1890), pages 651-652. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> +

T

Thor-ball +

R. Bowen, Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development Throughout the World (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1970), page 36. Bowen does not give dates or sources for the Dutch/Danish accounts. +

C

Cat's Pallet +

John Harland, ed., A Volume of Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester in the Sixteenth Century (Chetham Society, 1884), page 156. +

T

Tip-e-Up +

Henry J. Philpott, "A Little Boys' Game With a Ball," Popular Science Monthly, volume 37 (May to October 1890), page 654. +

W

Whirl +

For details, see http://greensleeves.typepad.com/berkshires/baseball/ +

H

Halfball +

See also [[Half-Rubber]] and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfball. Accessed December 2019. +

T

Tire-Ball +

See also the 4th paragraph at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfball. +

F

Fuzz-Ball +

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzball_%28sport%29 A nice introduction to local Fuzz-Ball variants is at <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzULVIftxuQ">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzULVIftxuQ</a>. +

S

Stonyhurst Cricket +

Rev. John Gerard, Stonyhurst College (Belfast, Marcus Ward and Co., 1894), pages 179-182. +

R

Rounders - Britain +

The earliest reference to English rounders is in Clarke, W., Boy’s Own Book (London, Vizetelly Branston, 1828, second edition. Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (New York; Dover, 1964 – reprinted from two volumes printed in 1894 and 1898), pages 145-146. Gomme (1898) notes that "An elaborate form of this game has become the national game of the United States." David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, has dozens of dozens of indexed references to rounders. See the article on Rounders in the Origins Committee Newsletter, February, May, 2021. See also [[Feeder_and_Rounders,_1841]], contributed by Bill Hicklin. +

B

BC700c.1 +

Isaiah 22:18. "Played Baseball in Bible Times: The Prophet Isaiah Made the only reference to the Pastime to be Found in the Holy Writ." (The Hamilton [Ont] Spectator - from an unidentified clipping in the Origins file at the Giamatti Center in Cooperstown.) A compilation of 15 English translations [accessed at <a href="http://bible.cc/isaiah/22-18.htm%20on%2012/29/10">http://bible.cc/isaiah/22-18.htm on 12/29/10</a>] shows that most of them summon the image of an angry God hurling the miscreant, like a ball, far far away. (One exception, however, cites the winding of a turban, not a ball.) A literal translation is unrevealing: "And thy coverer covering, wrapping round, Wrappeth thee round, O babbler, On a land broad of sides—there thou diest." +

1

1255.1 +

The book Spain: A History in Art by Bradley Smith (Doubleday, 1971) includes a plate that appears to show "several representations of baseball figures and some narrative." The work is dated to 1255, the period of Spain's King Alfonso. Email from Ron Gabriel, July 10, 2007. Ron also has supplied a quality color photocopy of this plate, which was the subject of his presentation at the 1974 SABR convention. 2007 Annotation: can we specify the painting and its creator? Can we learn how baseball historians and others interpret this artwork? From Pam Bakker, email of 1/4/2022: "Cantigas de Santa Maria,"or "Canticles (songs) of Holy Mary" by Alfonso X of Castile El Sabio (1221-1284) +

B

BC2400c.1 +

[A] Piccione, Peter, “Pharaoh at the Bat,” College of Charlestown Magazine(Spring/Summer 2003), p.36. From a clipping in the Giamatti Center’s “Origins” file in Cooperstown. [B]Henderson, Robert W.,Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], page 4. +

BC1460.1 +

Per Henderson, Robert W., Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], p. 20. +

6

640s.1 +

Joseph Strutt, The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England (Chatto and Windus, London, 1898 edition), p. 158. +

B

BC2000 to 1000ADc.1 +

Henderson, Robert W., Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], pp. 8-21. +

BC750.1 +

Stephen G. Miller, Arete: Greek Sports from Ancient Sources [University of California Press, 2004]: See especially Chapter 9, "Ball Playing." The Pollox quote is from pp. 124-125, and the Galen quote is from pp. 121-124. Special thanks to Dr. Miller for his assistance. +

1

1393.1 +

<a href="http://www.cnmag.ca/">http://www.cnmag.ca</a>, as accessed 9/6/2007. +

3

370c.1 +

Saint Augustine's Confessions, Book One, text supplied by Dick McBane, February 2008. +

B

BC2000c.1 +

William S. Walsh, A Handy Book of Curious Information (J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1913), page 83. Available via Google Books search "to light small balls," 1/27/2010. +

1

1086.1 +

Note: This source is Henderson, Robert W., Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], p. 75. +

8

824.1 +

Waley, Arthur, The Life and Times of Po Chu-I, 772-846 [Allen and Unwin, London, 1949], p. 157. Submitted by John Thorn, 10/12/2004. +

B

BC2500c.1 +

Culin, Stewart, “Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N.Y.,” Journal of American Folklore, Volume 4, number 14 (July-September 1891), page 233, note 1. +

BC1500c.1 +

[Haslip-Viera, Gabriel: Bernard Ortiz de Montellano; Warren Barbour "Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs," Current Anthropology, Vol. 38, No. 3, (Jun., 1997), pp. 419-441] Per email from César González, 12/6/2008. +

BC2000c.3 +

Henderson, Robert W.,Ball, Bat and Bishop: The Origins of Ball Games [Rockport Press, 1947], page 19; the image itself is reproduced opposite page 28. +

1

1450.2 +

National Stoolball Association website, accessed April 2007. +

1538.1 +

Brewster, Paul G., American Nonsinging Games [University of Oklahoma Press, Norman OK, 1953] pp. 79-89. Submitted by John Thorn, 6/6/04. Brewster gives no source for the French dictum, nor for the "later date" when Easter play ceased in England. Bob Tholkes (email of 10/4/2017) found a later source: Dawn Marie Hayes, “Earthly Uses of Heavenly Spaces: Non-Liturgical Activities in Sacred Place”, in Studies in Medieval History & Culture, Francis G. Gentry, ed., Routledge, 2003, p. 64. +

1550c.2 +

Brown, J. F., The Story of the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, 1950, page 6. +

1550c.1 +

From an unidentified photocopy in the "Origins of Baseball" file at the Giamatti Center at Cooperstown. (Found c. 2006) +

1586c.1 +

Sir Philip Sydney, Arcadia: Sonnets [1622], page 493. Note: citation needs confirmation. +

1598.4 +

A.G. Steel and R. H. Lyttelton, Cricket, (Longmans Green, London, 1890) 4th edition, page 6. +

1600c.1 +

[A] Guarinoni, Hippolytis, Greuel der Verwustung der menschlichen Gesschlechts [The horrors of the devastation of the human race], [Ingolstadt, Austrian Empire, 1610], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, pages 167-168. See also pp. 100-102 for Block's summary of, and a translation of the Guarinoni material. [B] Source: from page 111 of an unidentified photocopy in the "Origins of Baseball" file at the Giamatti Center of the Baseball Hall of Fame, accessed in 2008. The quoted material is found in a section titled "Rounders and Other Ball Games with Sticks and Bats," pp. 110-111. This section also reports: "Gyula Hajdu sees the origin of round games as follows: 'Round games conserve the memory of ancient castle warfare. A member of the besieged garrison sets out for help, slipping through the camp of the enemy. . . . '" "In Hungary several variants of rounders exist in the countryside." This unidentified source may be W. Andrei and L. Zolnay, Fun and Games in Old Europe [English translation from Hungarian] (Budapest, 1986), pp. 110-111, as cited in Block, fn 16, page 304. +

1609.1 +

The 1609 source is Zbigniew Stefanski, Memorial Commercatoris [A Merchant's Memoirs], (Amsterdam, 1625), as cited in David Block's Baseball Before We Knew It, page 101. Stefanski was a skilled Polish workingman who wrote a memoir of his time in the Jamestown colony: an entry for 1609 related the Polish game of pilka palantowa(bat ball). Another account by a scholar reported adds that "the playfield consisted of eight bases not four, as in our present day game of baseball." If true, this would imply that the game involved running as well as batting. 1975 Letter: from Matthew Baranski to the Baseball Hall ofFame, March 23, 1975. [Found in the Origins file at the Giamatti Center.] Matthew Baranski himself cites First Poles in America1608-1958, published by the Polish Falcons of America, Pittsburgh, but unavailable online as of 7/28/09. We have not confirmed that sighting. See also David Block, "Polish Workers Play Ball at Jamestown Virginia: An Early Hint of Continental Europe's Influence on Baseball," Base Ball (Origins Issue), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pp.5-9. +

1621.1 +

Bradford, William, Of Plymouth Plantation, [Harvey Wish, ed., Capricorn Books, 1962], pp 82 - 83. Henderson cites Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1856. See his ref 23. Full text supplied by John Thorn, 6/25/2005. Also cited and discussed by Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 190 +

1630c.3 +

Griffin, Emma, "Popular Recreation and the Significance of Space," (publication unknown), page 36. The original source is shown as the Crosfield Diary entry for March 1, 1633, page 63. Thanks to John Thorn for supplementing a draft of this entry. One citation for the diary is F. S. Boas, editor, The Diary of Thomas Crosfield (Oxford University Press, London, 1935). +

1648.1 +

Herrick, Robert, Hesperdes: or, the Works Both Human and Divine of Robert Herrick, Esq. [London], page 280, per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 171. +

1656.1 +

Source: 13: Doc Hist., Volume Iv, pp.13-15, and Father Jogues' papers in NY Hist. Soc. Coll., 1857, pp. 161-229, as cited in Manual of the Reformed Church in America (Formerly Ref. Prot. Dutch Church), 1628-1902, E. T. Corwin, D.D., Fourth Edition (Reformed Church in America, New York, 1902.) Provided by John Thorn, email of 2/1/2008. See also:Esther Singleton, Dutch New York (Dodd Mead, 1909), as cited in Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), pp. 190. [Pages ix and 202 and 302 in Singleton touch on "ball-playing" in this period.] +

1661.1 +

Galileo Galilei, Mathematical Collections and Translations. "Inglished from his original Italian copy by Thomas Salusbury" (London, 1661), page 142. Provided by David Block, emails of 2/27/2008 and 9/13/2015. +

1666.1 +

Bunyan, John, Grace abounding to the chief of sinners [London], per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 173. Autobiographical account by Bunyan, the author of The Pilgrim's Progress. David notes on 5/29/2005 that this reference was originally reported by Harold Peterson, but that Peterson had attributed it to Pilgrim's Progress itself. +

1672c.2 +

David Cram, Jeffrey L. Forgeng, and Dorothy Johnston, Francis Willughby's Book of Games: A Seventeenth Century Treatise on Sports, Games, and Pastimes [Ashgate Publishing, 2003]. See also L. McCray, "The Amazing Francis Willughby, and the Role of Stoolball in the Evolution of Baseball and Cricket," in Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game, Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 17-20. +

1676.1 +

Dated November 13, 1676. Laws of the City of New York [Publication data?], page 27. +

1700.1 +

Thomas Moult, "The Story of the Game," in Moult, ed., Bat and Ball: A New Book of Cricket (The Sportsmans Book Club, London, 1960; reprinted from 1935), page 27. Moult does not further identify this publication. +

1700c.2 +

Samuel Barber, Boston Common: A Diary of Notable Events, Incidents and Neighboring Occurrences (Christopher Publishing, Boston, 1916 - Second Edition), page 47. +

1706.2 +

David Block, Baseball Before Knew It (U Nebraska Press, 2007), page 176. +

C

Cat-and-Dog +

John Brand, Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: The Origins of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies and Superstitions (London: George Bell and Sons, 1900)., page 95. [In their account, Steel and Lyttelton put the distance at 13 yards. Cricket (Longmans, Green, 1890), page 4.] Alice. B. Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland (David Nutt, 1898), page 410. US play: New York Clipper, September 15, 1866. +

1

1844.1 +

"Baseball in '44," Wheeling (WV) Register, September 20, 1885, reprinted from the Bangor Whig, presumably from 1844. +

1788.2 +

Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see page 241. Altherr cites the diary as Webster, Noah, "Diary," reprinted in Notes on the Life of Noah Webster, E. E. F Ford, ed., (privately printed, New York, 1912), page 227 of volume 1. +

1713.1 +

Thomas, M. H., ed., The Diary of Samuel Sewell 1674 - 1729, Volume II, 1710 - 1729 (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973), p. 718. Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, ref # 18. +

1725c.1 +

Diary of Samuel Sewall, in Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society (Published by the Society, Boston, 1882) Volume VII - Fifth Series, page 372. As cited by Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 190. +

1733.1 +

The London Magazine, vol 2, December 1733 [London], page 637, per David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, page 177-8. +

1744.1 +

[A] John Ford, Cricket: A Social History 1700-1835 [David and Charles, 1972], page 17. [B] Cashman, Richard, "Cricket," in David Levinson and Karen Christopher, Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present [Oxford University Press, 1996], page 87. The rules are listed briefly at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1744_English_cricket_season">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1744_English_cricket_season</a> [as accessed 1/31/07]. The rules were written by a Committee under the patronage of "the cricket-mad Prince of Wales" -- Frederick, the son of George II. +

1744.2 +

Little Pretty Pocket-Book, Intended for the Instruction and Amusement of Little Master Tommy and Pretty Miss Polly [London, John Newbery, 1744]. Per Henderson ref 107, adding Newbery's name as publisher from text at p. 132. The earliest extant version of this book is from 1760 [per David Block]. +

E

English Base Ball +

David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It. David Block, Pastime Lost. +

1

1745c.1 +

David McCullough, John Adams [Touchstone Books, 2001], page 31. +

1747.1 +

Thomas Gray, <a id="n0u"></a><a></a>"Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College," lines 28-30. Accessed 12/29/2007 at <a href="http://www.thomasgray.org/">http://www.thomasgray.org</a>. +

1748.1 +

[A] Hervey, Lady (Mary Lepel), "Letters" (London, 1821), p.139 [Letter XLII, of November 14, 1748, from London]. Google Books now has uploaded the letters: search for "Lady Hervey." Letter 52 begins on page 137, and the baseball reference is on page 139. Accessed 12/29/2007. [B] David Block, Pastime Lost: The Humble, Original, and Now Completely Forgotten Game of English Baseball (University of Nebraska Press, 2019), pp 17 ff. +

1750s.2 +

Chalmers G. Davidson, Piedmont Partisan: The Life and Times of Brigadier-General William Lee Davidson (Davidson College, Davidson NC, 1951), page 20. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 32. +

1750s.3 +

Base Ball Correspondence," Porter's Spirit of the Times, Volume 3, number 8 (October 24, 1857), page 117, column 2. The full text of the October 20 letter from "X" is on the VBBA website, as of 2008, at: <a href="http://www.vbba.org/ed-interp/1857x1.html">http://www.vbba.org/ed-interp/1857x1.html</a> +

1751.2 +

[A] John Ford, Cricket: A Social History 1700-1835 [David and Charles, 1972], page 17. Ford does not give a citation. [B] London Advertiser, March 26, 1751. +

1751.1 +

New YorkPost-Boy, 4/29/51. Per John Thorn, 6/15/04: John reports that the sources are multiple: clip from Chadwick Scrapbooks; see also, "the first recorded American cricket match per se was in New York in 1751 on the site of what is today the Fulton Fish Market in Manhattan. A team called New York played another described as the London XI 'according to the London method' - probably a reference to the 1744 Code which was more strict that the rules governing the contemporary game in England. Also, and dispositively, from Phelps-Stokes, I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1922), Volume IV, page 628.Vol. VI, Index—ref. against Chronology and Chronology Addenda (Vol. 4A or 6A); [CRICKET] Match on Commons April 29, 1751; and finally, Phelps Stokes, V. 4, p. 628, 4/29/1751: "…this day, a great Cricket match is to be played on our commons, by a Company of Londoners against a Company of New-Yorkers. New-York Post-Boy, 4/29/51." The New Yorkers won by a total score of 167 to 80. New York Post-Boy, 5/6/51. This game is also treated by cricket historians Wisden [1866] and Lester [1951]. Also see New York Gazette, May 6, 1751, page 2, column 2, per George Thompson.. +

1755.3 +

The story of this 2006 find is told in Block, David, "The Story of William Bray's Diary," Base Ball, volume , no. 2 (Fall 2007), pp. 5-11. See also John Thorn's blog entry at <a href="http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2013/09/05/the-story-of-william-brays-diary/">http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2013/09/05/the-story-of-william-brays-diary/</a>. see also [[Sam_Marchiano_and_the_1755_Bray_Diary_Find]] for an interview with film-maker Sam Marciano, whose documentary Baseball Discovered led to this new find in 2005. +

1760s.1 +

Sidney Willard, Memories of Youth and Manhood [John Bartlett, Cambridge, 1855], volume 1, pp 31 and 316. Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, ref # 44. +

1762.2 +

December 13, 1768, The Essex Gazette (Salem, MA), Volume 1, Issue 20, p. 81. (“Following is an Extract of the By-Laws and ORDERS of the Town of Salem, of the 26th of July, A.D. 1762, approved by His Majesty’s Court of General Sessions of the Peace holden at said SALEM in the same month, and now published by Order of the Select-Men, viz.) (Detailed source received from Brian Turner, 8/31/2014.) +

B

Bat-and-Ball +

Brian Turner, "Bat and Ball: A Distinct Game or a Generic Term?", Base Ball Journal (Special Issue on Origins), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 37-40. +

1

1771.2 +

"An Act to prevent and punish Disorders usually committed on the twenty-fifth Day of December . . . ," 23 December 1771, New Hampshire (Colony) Temporary Laws, 1773 (Portsmouth, NH), page 53. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball Before We Knew It, ref # 25. +

1771.1 +

Eleazar Wheelock, A Continuation of the Narrative [1771], as quoted in W. D. Quint, The Story of Dartmouth College (Little, Brown, Boston, 1914) , page 246. Submitted by Scott Meacham, 8/21/06. Dartmouth is in Hanover NH. +

1776.2 +

"Journal of Lieutenant Ebenezer Elmer, of the Third Regiment of New Jersey Troops in the Continental Service," Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society [1848], volume 1, number 1, pp. 26, 27, 30, and 31, and volume 3, number 2, pp.98. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 29. +

1777.1 +

Sabine, William H. W., ed., "The New York Diary of Lieutenant Jabez Fitch of the 17th (Connecticut) Regiment from August 22, 1776 to December 15, 1777 [private printing, 1954], pp. 126, 127, and 162. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see p.237. +

1777.2 +

A Relic of the Revolution, Containing a Full and Particular Account of the Sufferings and Privations of All the American Prisoners Captured on the High Seas, and Carried to Plymouth, England, During the Revolution of 1776 [Charles S. Pierce, Boston, 1847], p. 109. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It [ref # 35]; see p. 237 +

1778.5 +

I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1068. Phelps Stokes cites Royal Gazette, 6/13/1778 and that a later 1780 note that the cricket grounds were "where the late Reviews were, near the Jews Burying Ground" (Royal Gazette, 6/17/1780.) +

1778.3 +

Symmes, Rebecca D., ed., A Citizen Soldier in the American Revolution: The Diary of Benjamin Gilbert of Massachusetts and New York (New York State Historical Association, Cooperstown, 1980), pp. 30 and 49; and "Benjamin Gilbert Diaries 1782 - 1786," G372, NYS Historical Association Library, Cooperstown. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 30. (See page 236.) +

1778.6 +

C. K. Boulton, ed., "A Fragment of the Diary of Lieutenant Enos Stevens, Tory, 1777-1778," New England Quarterly v. 11, number 2 (June 1938), pages 384-385, per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, reference #33; see p. 337. Tom notes that the original journal is at the Vermont Historical Society in Montpelier VT. +

1778.4 +

[A] Ewing, G., The Military Journal of George Ewing (1754-1824), A Soldier of Valley Forge [Private Printing, Yonkers, 1928], pp 35 ["base"] and 47 [wicket]. Also found at John C. Fitzpatrick, The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. Volume: 11. [U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1931]. page 348. The text of Ewing's diary is unavailable at Google Books as of 11/17/2008. [B] From the website of Historic Valley Forge; see <a href="http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/youasked/067.htm">http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/youasked/067.htm</a>, accessed 10/25/02. Note: it is possible that the source of this material is the Ewing entry above, but we're hoping for more details from the Rangers at Valley Forge. In 2013, we're still hoping, but not as avidly. See also Thomas L. Altherr, “A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball: Baseball and Baseball-Type Games in the Colonial Era, Revolutionary War, and Early American Republic.." Nine, Volume 8, number 2 (2000)\, p. 15-49. Reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It – see page 236. +

1778.1 +

Coan, Marion, ed., "A Revolutionary Prison Diary: The Journal of Dr. Jonathan Haskins," New England Quarterly, volume 17, number 2 [June 1944], p. 308. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 36; see pages 237-238. +

1780.10 +

John King Lord, A History of Dartmouth College 1815-1909 (Rumford Press, Concord NH, 1913), page 593. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 35 and refs #38 through 40. See also Chron entry #[[1771.1]]. +

1779.5 +

Fitzpatrick, John C., ed., The Writings of George Washington from the Original Sources, 1745-1799, vol. 14 [USGPO, Washington, 1931], page 378. +

1779.4 +

Chase, E. P., ed., Our Revolutionary Forefathers: The Letters of Francois Marquis de Barbe-Marbois during his Residence in the United States as Secretary of the French Legation 1779 - 1785 (Duffield and Company, NY, 1929), p. 114. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," Nine, v. 8, no. 2, (2000); reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It; see pp. 236-237. +

1779.2 +

"Journal of Lt. Samuel Shute," in Frederick Cook, ed., Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan against the Six Nations of Indians in 1779 [Books for Libraries Press, Freeport NY, reprint of the 1885 edition], p. 268. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 28. Also cited in Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 194. On bandy: Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Dover, 1964 (reprint: originally published in 1894), volume I. [Page not shone; listed games are presented alphabetically] +

1779.1 +

<table class="stats"> <tbody> <tr> <td> I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1922), Volume IV, page 1092. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> +

1779.3 +

Brown, Lloyd, and H. Peckham, eds., Revolutionary War Journals of Henry Dearborn 1775 - 1783 Books for Libraries Press, Freeport NY, 1969 (original edition 1939), pp 149 - 150. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref # 1. The above account is found in Thomas L. Altherr, “There is Nothing Now Heard of, in Our Leisure Hours, But Ball, Ball, Ball,” The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1999 (McFarland, 2000), p. 193 +

1780.2 +

Royal Gazette, August 19, 1780, page 3 column 4; August 26, 1780, page 2 column 2; and September 6, 1780, page 3 column 4. Also cited in I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1115. +

1780.1 +

<table class="stats"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="table_turner_container"> I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1111, also citing New York Mercury, June 19, 1780. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> +

1780c.7 +

Edmund Quincy, Josiah Quincy of Massachusetts (Fields, Osgood and Company, Boston, 1869), pages 24-25..Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 36. Accessed on 11/16/2008 via Google Books search for <life of josiah quincy>. Also cited in Per Thomas L. Altherr, "Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries of Pre-1840 North American Ball Games," Base Ball, Volume 2, number 1 (Spring 2008), page 36. +

1781.1 +

Hanna, John S., ed., A History of the Life and Services of Captain Samuel Dewees, A Native of Pennsylvania, and Soldier of the Revolutionary and Last Wars [Robert Neilson, Baltimore, 1844], p. 265- 266. Per Thomas L. Altherr, "A Place Leavel Enough to Play Ball," reprinted in David Block, Baseball before We Knew It, ref #37: see p. 238. For more on the ball-playing habits of the "Convention Army" of captured British soldiers from 1778 to 1781, see Brian Turner, "Sticks or Clubs: Ball Play Among the Route of Burgoyne's 'Convention Army,' Base Ball, volume 11 (2019), pp. 1-16. +

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