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1856.7 + (Note: Whaaaat? See #1828.1 above, and the <a href="http://retrosheet.org/Protoball/Rounders">Rounders Subchronology</a>.)
1858.27 + (A claim that the Live Oaks, or the Olympics, preceded the Flour Citys appears above - see #1855.14.)
1845.1 + (About 30 years later, reporter Wi … About 30 years later, reporter William Rankin wrote that Alexander Cartwright introduced familiar modern rules to the Knickerbocker Club, including 90-foot baselines. As of 2016, recent scholarship has shown little evidence that Alexander Cartwright played a central role in forging or adapting the Knickerbocker rules. See Richard Hershberger, The Creation of the Alexander Cartwright Myth (Baseball Research Journal, 2014), and John Thorn, "The Making of a New York Hero" dated November 2015, at <a href="http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2015/11/30/abner-%3Cspan%20class=">cartwright/.">http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2015/11/30/abner-cartwright/.</a>John's concluding paragraph is: "Recent scholarship has revealed the history of baseball's "creation" to be a lie agreed upon. Why, then, does the legend continue to outstrip the fact? "Creation myths, wrote Stephen Jay Gould, in explaining the appeal of Cooperstown, "identify heroes and sacred places, while evolutionary stories provide no palpable, particular thing as a symbol for reverence, worship, or patriotism."sacred places, while evolutionary stories provide no palpable, particular thing as a symbol for reverence, worship, or patriotism.")
1857.26 + (According to Peter Morris in < … According to Peter Morris in Base Ball Pioneers (McFarland, 2012, p. 253), the first club, the Excelsior, took the field in 1858. Source: William R. Griffith, The Early History of Amateur Baseball in the State of Maryland, (Baltimore, n.p.1997), p. 4. of Maryland, (Baltimore, n.p.1997), p. 4.)
1860.1 + (According to the Boston Herald (April 9, 1860), the MABBP convention drew only 33 delegates from 12 clubs. )
1859.17 + (Anachronism alert-- in 1862 Princeton was known as the College of New Jersey. See also item #[[1857.23]] )
1848.19 + (As of 2016, recent scholarship ha … As of 2016, recent scholarship has shown little evidence that Alexander Cartwright played a central role in forging or adapting the Knickerbocker rules. See Richard Hershberger, The Creation of the Alexander Cartwright Myth (Baseball Research Journal, 2014), and John Thorn, "The Making of a New York Hero" dated November 2015, at <a href="http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2015/11/30/abner-cartwright/.">http://ourgame.mlblogs.com/2015/11/30/abner-cartwright/.</a>John's concluding paragraph is: "Recent scholarship has revealed the history of baseball's "creation" to be a lie agreed upon. Why, then, does the legend continue to outstrip the fact? "Creation myths, wrote Stephen Jay Gould, in explaining the appeal of Cooperstown, "identify heroes and sacred places, while evolutionary stories provide no palpable, particular thing as a symbol for reverence, worship, or patriotism." provide no palpable, particular thing as a symbol for reverence, worship, or patriotism.")
1799.1 + (Block advises, August 2015: </ … Block advises, August 2015: That Cassandra Cooke, writing in the late 18th century, would have her readers believe that baseball was part of the vernacular in the early 17th century is certainly interesting, but since one contemporary reviewer labelled her book "despicable" there is absolutely no reason to think she had any more insight into the era than we do 216 years later.e insight into the era than we do 216 years later.)
1862.9 + (Caveats: Admission was charged in … Caveats: Admission was charged in 1858 for the Brooklyn-New York games at the Fashion Race Course, Queens, which was enclosed but not a 'ball field'. Before the Union Grounds, there were no ball field enclosed for the purpose of charging admission.rging admission.)
1829.5 + (Citing the makeup of these player … Citing the makeup of these players as differing from that of early town ball players' reports, and seeing the 1829 account as more of a morality tale than a reliable report, Richard Hershberger (email of 10/31/12) discounts this item as an account of the origins of Philadelphia town ball.In 1831 two organized groups, which later merged, played town ball: for a succinct history of the origins of Philadelphia town ball, see Richard Hershberger, "A Reconstruction of Philadelphia Town Ball," Base Ball, volume 1 number 2 (Fall 2007), pp 28-29.>Base Ball, volume 1 number 2 (Fall 2007), pp 28-29.)
1840s.45 + (Dating this entry in the 1840s is highly arbitrary. It is included only because it suggests that round ball and wicket were locally seen as common past activities at this fine college as of 1871.)
1830s.33 + (Dating this remembered practice to the 1830s is somewhat arbitrary, as the writer's age in 1847 is unknown. Locating the practice in NY State is also uncertain.)
1850s.60 + (Dating this throwback game to the 1850s is arbitrary. Correction welcomed.)
1858.10 + (David Nevard raises vital questio … David Nevard raises vital questions about this account: "I have my doubts about this item - it just doesn't seem to fit. 1) The club names don't sound right. The famous club from Medway was the Unions, not the Medways, and I haven't seen any other mention of Union Excelsiors. 2) Lowry's evolution of the longest Mass Game does not mention this one. He shows the progression (in 1859) as 57 inns, 61 inns, 211 inns. It seems like a 4 day game in 1858 would have lasted longer than 57 innings. 3) It's a recollection 50 years after the fact. $1000, 10,000 people." [Email to Protoball, 2/27/07.],000 people." [Email to Protoball, 2/27/07.])
1850s.31 + (Douglass is not explicit about the period referenced here, but that it is before the Civil War.)

1862.86 + (Dup of 1862.20?)

850c.1 + (Even Homer nods)
1853.2 + (In 2016, an 1845 edition of this book was discovered, and Protoball began to explore translations of its text. See http://protoball.org/1845.29.)
1853c.1 + (It appears that Fuess, the 1917 a … It appears that Fuess, the 1917 author, viewed this game as rounders, but neither the Mowry description nor the Hardy reference uses that name. It is possible that Fuess was an after-the-fact devotee of he rounders theory of base ball. The game as described is indistinguishable from round ball as played in New England, and lacks features [small bat, configuration of bases] used in English rounders during this period. The placement of the batter, the use of "tallies" for runs, and the 50-inning game length suggests that the game played may have been a version of what was to be encoded as the Massachusetts Game in 1858.lt;strong>Massachusetts Game in 1858.)
1841.15 + (It is not clear that this article … It is not clear that this article reflects actual wicket play, or interest, in New Orleans in 1841.The text appears have been 'borrowed' from a Cleveland paper: See [[1841.17]]However, [[1844.13]] shows that a New Orleans wicket club did call a meeting in 1844.[[1844.13]] shows that a New Orleans wicket club did call a meeting in 1844.)
1859.2 + (It is not clear whether this qualifies as the first intercollegiate game by modern rules.)
1830c.28 + (It is, of course, difficult to specify a reasonable date for a fictional account like this one.)
1862.17 + (It would be desirable to locate a … It would be desirable to locate and inspect the Josephus Clarkson diary used in Twombley [A, above.]. Clarkson, described as a ship's chandler before the war, does not yield to Google or Genealogy bank as of 6/6/2009 or 4/3/2013. John Thorn's repeated searches have also come up empty. Particularly questionable is Clarkson's very early identification of Cartwright as an originator of the NY game.tor of the NY game.)
1859.5 + (John Thorn, on July 11, 2004, advised Protoball that "a challenge to the citation is a photo at the NBL of the Bostons of San Francisco, with a handwritten contemporary identification 'organized 1857'.")
1836c.11 + (John Zinn: It feels t … John Zinn: It feels to me that the author is conflating a number of different things (his role, for example) into a club that played in the late 1830's. However even if he is off by 10 years, a club of some kind in the late 1840's would be something new and, as John Thorn suggests, important.s John Thorn suggests, important.)
1857.39 + (Lacking enclosed fields, turnstiles or ticket stubs, attendances are only visual estimates.)
1868.1 + (NOTE: DEB SHATTUCK HAS SUPPLEMENTAL DATA ON THIS EVENT AND WILL BE AMENDING THIS ENTRY ACCORDINGLY IN DECEMBER 2013.)
1858.58 + (None of these sources gives a reference to evidence of the 1856 formation of the Union Club, so we here rely on the documented reference to a planned 1858 game. )
1859.21 + (Not found in Porter's Spirit of the Times, Oct. 1 - Oct. 8, 1859))
1863.1 + (Note Civil War historian Bruce Al … Note Civil War historian Bruce Allardice's caveat, above: "In my opinion the clubs that played weren't 'corps' clubs, but rather regimental or brigade clubs that by their play other regiments/brigades claimed the Third and Sixth Corps championships."t;/em> the Third and Sixth Corps championships.")
1837.1 + (Note that while Wheaton calls his group the "first ball organization," in fact the Philadelphia club that played Philadelphia town ball had formed several years earlier.)
1857.22 + (Note: Craig Waff asks whether clu … Note: Craig Waff asks whether clubs could formally claimed annual championships this early in base ball's evolution; email of 10/28/2008. He suggests that, under the informal conventions of the period, the Gothams [who had wrested the honor from the Knickerbockers in September 1856], held it throughout 1857.in September 1856], held it throughout 1857.)
1855.47 + (Note: as of January 2023, we are uncertain whether this game was played by modern (Knickerbocker) rules. See John Zinn's assessment, below.)
1720c.4 + (One wishes there was more evidenc … One wishes there was more evidence that this form of "base" was a ball-game, and not a game like tag or capture-the-flag. If "base" was a ball-game, this report of native American play nearly 3 centuries ago is certainly remarkable. ago is certainly remarkable. )
1850c.56 + (Our dating of this reflection as … Our dating of this reflection as c1850 is arbitrary. Parris writes only the the (unnamed) game was known before game the modern game arrived in 1864-65. This reflection was reported in 1945 -- 95 years after 1850, when Parris himself was in his mid-90s'when Parris himself was in his mid-90s')
1858.60 + (Peter Morris' A Game of Inches finds other claims to the invention of the current figure 8 stitching pattern. See section 9.1.4 at page 275 of the single-volume, indexed edition of 2010.)
1860.36 + (Primary source of poem not known. From a 19CBB post by Tom Shieber, Oct. 28, 2003)
1858.35 + (Review of the New York Clipper did not find the reported game account.)
1858.2 + (Richard Hershberger (email of 10/6/2014) points out that the Sunday Mercury account of this game's key at bat "makes it clear that they were swinging strikes'[not called strikes]. )
1859.31 + (Richard Hershberger [email of 10/ … Richard Hershberger [email of 10/19/2009] notes that, in examining the article on the MA game, he found that the sides had ten players each, but seems otherwise to reflect Association rules. He notes that outside of match games, it was not unusual for clubs to depart from the having nine players on a side.part from the having nine players on a side.)
1851.5 + (Robert E. Lee is reported to have become Superintendent of West Point in September 1852; and had been stationed in Baltimore until then; can Calthrop's date be reconciled?)

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