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- Waggles (Whacks) + (<p><span>Alice B. Gomme, </span><em>The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland</em><span> (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 329.</span></p>)
- Trippit and Coit (Trippets, Trip-Cat) + (<p><span>Alice B. Gomme, </span><em>The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland</em><span> (Davit Nutt, London, 1898), page 308.</span></p>)
- Bandy-Wicket + (<p><span>Alice Bertha Gomme, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland</span><em>, </em>Volume 1 (London: David Nutt, 1894)<span>., page 17.</span></p>)
- Pize Ball + (<p><span>Alice Bertha Gomme, & … <p><span>Alice Bertha Gomme, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland<em>, </em></span>Volume 2 (New York: Dover [reprint -- original publication 1898], 1964)<span>, page 45.</span></p>riginal publication 1898], 1964)<span>, page 45.</span></p>)
- Choptank Club of Preston + (<p><span>American Union, May 30, 1867.</span></p>)
- Dully + (<p><span>Amy Stewart Fraser, </span><em>Dae Ye Min’ Langsyne?: A Pot-pourri of Games, Rhymes, and Ploys of Scottish Childhood</em><span> (Routledge, 1975),</span><span> </span><span>page 59.</span></p>)
- Beezy + (<p><span>Amy Stewart Fraser, </span><em>Dae Ye Min’ Langsyne?</em><span> (Routledge, 1975), pages 59-60.</span></p>)
- Spoonie Hoosie + (<p><span>Amy Stewart Fraser, </span><em>Dae Ye Min’ Langsyne?</em><span> (Routledge, 1975), page 59.</span></p>)
- 1816.12 + (<p><span>An Historical & Descriptive Account of Watlington, Oxfordshire, by John Badcock (1816), handwritten manuscript in the collection of the Oxfordshire History Centre, PAR279/9/MS/1, (former reference: MSS.D.D.Par.Wat-lington c.11)</span></p>)
- 1846.16 + (<p><span>Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester</span>, December 1846. Posted to 19CBB on 11/1/2007 by Richard Hershberger. </p>)
- First night game under lights in Arkansas + (<p><span>Arkansas Gazette on July 14th, 1894. "BASEBALL BY ELECTRIC LIGHT."</span></p>)
- First mention of Negro Baseball in Arkansas + (<p><span>Arkansas Gazette, August 8th, 1873</span></p>)
- Pingball + (<p><span>B. Boynton, “Diceball and Pingball,” in G. Land, </span><em>Growing Up with Baseball</em><span> (UNebraska, 2004) pages 156 - 159.</span></p>)
- Liberty Club of Nyack + (<p><span>Bakker, "Eyes on the Sporting Scene, 1870-1930..." (2013)</span> p. 30</p>)
- Mazeppa Club of Nyack + (<p><span>Bakker, "Eyes on the Sporting Scene, 1870-1930..." (2013) p. 30</span></p>)
- Yankee Club of Nyack + (<p><span>Bakker, "Eyes on the Sporting Scene, 1870-1930..." (2013) p. 30</span></p>)
- 1860c.26 + (<p><span>Ball Games with Illustrations</span> (Routledge and Sons, London, 1860 [as annotated by the MCC]). Per Google Books, published in 1867.</p>)
- Two-Base Town Ball + (<p><span>Bell Irvin Wiley, </span><em>The Common Soldier in the Civil War</em><span> </span>(Grosset and Dunlap, New York, 1952)<span>, Book Two, “The Life of Johnny Reb,” page 159.</span></p>)
- Pioneer Club of Bloomsburg + (<p><span>Bloomsburg </span><em>Columbia Democrat</em><span>, Sept. 29, 1866</span></p>)
- Live Oak Club of Bloomsburg + (<p><span>Bloomsburg </span><em>Columbia Democrat</em><span>, Sept. 29, 1866</span></p>)
- Independent Club of Bloomsburg + (<p><span>Bloomsburg </span><em>Columbia Democrat</em><span>, Aug. 6, 1869</span></p>)
- Reserves Club of Sioux Falls + (<p><span>Bohn, "Considerable Excitement and Heavy Betting. Origins of Base Ball in the Dakota Territory," BRJ, Spring 2020</span></p>)
- Early Risers Club of Vermillion + (<p><span>Bohn, "Considerable Excitement and Heavy Betting. Origins of Base Ball in the Dakota Territory," BRJ, Spring 2020</span></p>)
- 1856.25 + (<p><span>Boston</span><span>Evening Transcript</span>, April 18, 1856. Accessed bia subscription search 2/17/2009. </p>)
- Cat i’ The Hole + (<p><span>Brand, </span>& … <p><span>Brand, </span><em>Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: The Origins of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies and Superstitions</em><span>., page 408.</span></p></br><p><span><span>J. Jamieson, </span><em>Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language</em><span> (</span>Edinburgh<span>, 1825), page 192. Jamiesson describes the game</span><span> </span><span>as being played in </span>County Fife<span> and perhaps elsewhere.</span></span></p></br><p>Alice Bertha Gomme, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland</span> (London, D. Nutt, 1894), pages 63-64.</p></br><p><span><span> </span></span></p>tion: underline;">The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland</span> (London, D. Nutt, 1894), pages 63-64.</p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p>)
- Kit-Cat + (<p><span>Brand, </span><em>Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: The Origins of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies and Superstitions (London: George Bell and Sons, 1900)</em><span>, pages 423-424.</span></p>)
- Indian Ball + (<p><span>Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em> (U of Oklahoma Press, 1953) page 80. https://www.chrisoleary.com/projects/Indian-Ball-Game/index.html</p>)
- Kappenspiel + (<p><span>Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Kekivar + (<p><span>Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Nations + (<p><span>Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Petjeball + (<p><span>Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Retenido + (<p><span>Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Rounds + (<p><span>Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Move-Up + (<p><span>Brewster, </span&g … <p><span>Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em><span>.</span><span> </span><span>Brewster cites Mason and Mitchell, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Active Games</span><span> [“Rotation”], page 327 and Boyd, [“Piggie Move Up”], page 65.</span></p></br><p><span><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996).</span></span></p>;span><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996).</span></span></p>)
- Bat-and-Ball + (<p><span>Brian Turner, "</s … <p><span>Brian Turner, "</span><span class="sought_text">Bat and Ball</span><span>: A Distinct Game or a Generic Term?",<strong> </strong></span><strong>Base Ball</strong><span><strong> Journal</strong> (Special Issue on Origins), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 37-40.</span></p>ong> Journal</strong> (Special Issue on Origins), Volume 5, number 1 (Spring 2011), pages 37-40.</span></p>)
- 1861.11 + (<p><span>Brooklyn Daily Eagle& … <p><span>Brooklyn Daily Eagle</span>, December 12, 1861, page 11.</p></br><p>Meeting summaries also appeared in the <em>New York Sunday Mercury </em>(Dec. 15), <em>Wilkes' Spirit of the Times </em>(Dec. 21), and the <em>New York Clipper</em> (Dec. 21)</p>s </em>(Dec. 21), and the <em>New York Clipper</em> (Dec. 21)</p>)
- Club of Bridgeton + (<p><span>Brunson, "Black Baseball" p. 149who labels this the Keystone club.</span></p>)
- Athletic Club of Albany + (<p><span>Brunson, "Black Baseball" p. 154</span></p> <p><span>The Albany <em>Journal</em>, July 17, 1869</span></p>)
- Heavy Hitters Club of Canajoharie + (<p><span>Brunson, "Black Baseball" p. 160</span></p>)
- Western Union Club of Cincinnati + (<p><span>Brunson, "Black Baseball" p. 197</span></p>)
- 1858.54 + (<p><span>Buffalo </span><span>Daily Courier</span>, October 14, 1858. Posted to 19CBB September 1, 2009. </p>)
- 1859.48 + (<p><span>Buffalo</span> <span>Daily Courier</span>, September 10, 1859. </p>)
- 1860.47 + (<p><span>Buffalo</span> <span>Morning Express</span> (July 10, 1860), page 3. </p>)
- Bunt + (<p><span>C. Bevis, “A Game of … <p><span>C. Bevis, “A Game of Bunt,” in G. Land, </span><em>Growing Up with Baseball</em><span> (UNebraska, 2004), pages 128-130.</span></p></br><p><span><span>T. Aamodt, “The Impossible Dream,” in G. Land, </span><em>Growing Up with Baseball</em><span> (UNebraska, 2004), pages 61-62.</span></span></p>in G. Land, </span><em>Growing Up with Baseball</em><span> (UNebraska, 2004), pages 61-62.</span></span></p>)
- 1860.59 + (<p><span>California </span><span>Spirit of the Times</span>, February 11, 1860. </p>)
- Club of St. Georges, DE + (<p><span>Cecil Whig, Elkton, Md, July 21, 1866, page 2. Forwarded by Bruce Leith, Elkton Vintage baseball</span></p> <p>see ball games</p>)
- 1856.27 + (<p><span>Chadwick Scrapbooks, Vol. 20</span></p>)
- 1852.17 + (<p><span>Charles Dickens, "Th … <p><span>Charles Dickens, "The Child's Story" (1852).</span></p></br><p><span>See also Dickens on ballplaying at pp 128, 212, and 271 (note) of David Block, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Pastime Lost</span> (U Nebraska Press, 2019).<br/></span></p>n: underline;">Pastime Lost</span> (U Nebraska Press, 2019).<br/></span></p>)
- Tournoi + (<p><span>Charles Johnston, </span><em>Famous Generals of the Great War</em><span> (Page Company, Boston, 1919), page 253.</span></p>)
- Island Club of Eaton Rapids + (<p><span>Charlotte Republican, Sept. 23, 1868</span></p>)
- Pickwick Club of Manchester + (<p><span>Concord </span><em>Independent Democrat</em><span>, Aug. 20, 1868.</span></p>)
- 1837.6 + (<p><span>Constitution of the O … <p><span>Constitution of the Olympic Ball Club of Philadelphia</span> [Philadelphia, John Clark], per David Block, <span>Baseball Before We Knew It</span>, page 223.</p></br><p>Dean A. Sullivan, Compiler and Editor, <span>Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825 - 1908</span> [University of Nebraska Press, 1995], pp. 5-8. </p>- 1908</span> [University of Nebraska Press, 1995], pp. 5-8. </p>)
- One O’ Cat + (<p><span>Culin, "Street Games of Boys in </span>Brooklyn<span>, N.Y.." pages 231-232.</span></p>)
- Hit the Stick + (<p><span>Culin, "Street Games of Boys in </span>Brooklyn, N.Y.<span>", page 231.</span></p>)
- Kick the Ball + (<p><span>Culin, "Street Games of Boys in </span>Brooklyn, N.Y.<span>", pages 230-231.</span></p> <p><span><span>G. E. Johnson, </span><em>What to Do at Recess</em><span> (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 32.</span></span></p>)
- Roley Poley + (<p><span>Culin, "Street Games of Boys in </span>Brooklyn<span>, N.Y.." page 234.</span></p>)
- Fungo + (<p><span>Culin, S. (1891). "St … <p><span>Culin, S. (1891). "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn." <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Journal of American Folklore</span>, volume 4, page 232; Our Game log, July 16, 2022</span></p></br><p><span><span>Henry Chadwick, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Sports and Pastimes for American Boys</span><span> </span>(Routledge, New York, 1884)<span>, page 18.</span></span></p></br><p><span><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 245.</span></span></p>assidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 245.</span></span></p>)
- Barn Ball (House Ball) + (<p><span>D. C. Beard, </spa … <p><span>D. C. Beard, </span><em>The American Boy’s Book of Sport</em><strong> </strong><span>(Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1896), pages 341-342.</span></p></br><p><span>See also Altherr, "Barn Ball," <em>Base Ball</em> (Spring 2011).</span></p>pan>See also Altherr, "Barn Ball," <em>Base Ball</em> (Spring 2011).</span></p>)
- Aetna Club of Jersey City + (<p><span>Daily Courier and Advertiser - 9/24/60, 10-28-1861</span></p>)
- First Switch Hitter + (<p><span>Daniel Okrent and Steve Wulf, Baseball Anecdotes (Oxford University Press, 1989), page 9.</span></p>)
- Ball-Paces + (<p><span>David Block, email of 5/17/2005.</span></p>)
- First Base Ball Sheet Music + (<p><span>David Block, </span><em>Baseball Before We Knew It</em><span>, page 218.</span></p>)
- First Printing of Knickerbocker Rules + (<p><span>David Block, </span><span>Baseball Before We Knew It</span><span>, page 223. David Block posting to 19CBB, 6/16/2005. </span></p>)
- Squares + (<p><span>David Block, </spa … <p><span>David Block, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em>Baseball before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game</em></span><span> </span>(University of Nebraska Press, 2005)<span>, page 138.</span></p></br><p><span><span>The original source is Montague, </span><em>The Youth's Encyclopedia of Health </em>(1838)<span>.</span></span></p>n><span>The original source is Montague, </span><em>The Youth's Encyclopedia of Health </em>(1838)<span>.</span></span></p>)
- Hornebillets + (<p><span>David Cram, et al., editors, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Francis Willughby’s Book of Games (Ashgate, 2003), page 182.</span></p>)
- Young America Club of Detroit + (<p><span>Detroit Free Press, April 25, 1869</span></p>)
- Franklins Club of Detroit + (<p><span>Detroit Free Press, June 27, 1860</span></p>)
- Ball-Stock + (<p><span>Dick, ed., </span& … <p><span>Dick, ed., </span><em>The American Boys Book of Sports and Games: A Practical Guide to Indoor and Outdoor Amusements</em><span> </span>(Dick and Fitzgerald [reprinted by Lyons Press, 2000], 1864)<span>., pages 112-113. Elliott, <em>The Playground and the Parlour</em> (1868), p. 57.</span></p><em>The Playground and the Parlour</em> (1868), p. 57.</span></p>)
- German Ball Game + (<p><span>E. Perrin, et al., </span><em>One </em><span>Hundred</span><em> and Fifty Gymnastic Games</em><span> (G. H. Ellis, Boston, 1902), pages 22-23.</span></p>)
- Ball and Bases + (<p><span>E. Perrin, et. Al., </span><em>One Hundred and Fifty Gymnastic Games</em><span> (G. H. Ellis, Boston, 1902), pages 58-59.</span></p>)
- Boston Ball + (<p><span>E. Perrin, et. Al., </span><em>One Hundred and Fifty Gymnastic Games</em><span> (G. H. Ellis, Boston, 1902), pages 59-63.</span></p>)
- Club of Lafayette College, Easton + (<p><span>Easton </span><em>Daily Free Press</em><span>, Sept. 16, 1867</span></p> <p><span>The Lafayette College "Mirror", June 1871, p. 63</span></p>)
- Lenape Club of Delaware + (<p><span>Egan, "Baseball on the Western Reserve"</span></p> <p><span>The <em>Delaware Gazette</em>, July 7, 1866</span></p>)
- Times Club of Geneva + (<p><span>Egan, "Baseball on the Western Reserve"</span></p>)
- Washington Club of Ashland + (<p><span>Egan, "Baseball on the Western Reserve"</span></p>)
- No Name Club of Monroeville + (<p><span>Egan, "Baseball on the Western Reserve"</span></p>)
- Philadelphia Bat Ball + (<p><span>Emily Elmore and M. O’Shea, </span><em>A Practical Handbook of Games </em>(Macmillan, New York, 1922)<span>, pages 93-95.</span></p>)
- Ball Stand + (<p><span>Emily W. Elmore, </span><em>A Practical Handbook of Games</em><span>, (Macmillan, NY, 1922), pages 16-17.</span></p>)
- Base Dodge Ball + (<p><span>Emily W. Elmore, </span><em>A Practical Handbook of Games</em><span>, (Macmillan, NY, 1922), pages 19-20.</span></p>)
- Schlagball + (<p><span>Endrei, W., and Laszlo Zolnay, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Fun and Games in Old Europe</span>. Budapest, (Corvina Klado, 1986).</span></p>)
- Unnamed Games - Balkans + (<p><span>Endrei, </span><em>Fun and Games in Old Europe</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Unnamed Games - Hungarian + (<p><span>Endrei, </span><em>Fun and Games in Old Europe</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Club of Austin, Nevada + (<p><span>Eureka Daily Sentinel, Aug. 21, Sept. 23, 1879</span></p> <p><span>The <em>Reese River Reveille</em>, April 17, 1868</span></p>)
- Aetna Club II of Jersey City + (<p><span>Evening Journal, 6/24/1867</span></p>)
- Hamilton Club II of Jersey City + (<p><span>Evening Journal, 7/15/1870</span></p>)
- Batton + (<p><span>F. Dennis, </span><em>The Norfolk Village Green</em><span> (privately printed, 1917), page 72.</span></p>)
- Knock-Out + (<p><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 245.</span></p>)
- Line Ball + (<p><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 365.</span></p>)
- Long Dutch + (<p><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., … <p><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 415.</span></p></br><p><span>The camp program is found at <a href="http://www.bgbrigade.com/programs-8th.asp">http://www.bgbrigade.com/programs-8th.asp</a></span></p></br><p> </p>www.bgbrigade.com/programs-8th.asp">http://www.bgbrigade.com/programs-8th.asp</a></span></p> <p> </p>)
- Ins and Withs + (<p><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), pages 47-48.</span></p>)
- Mickey + (<p><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), pages 586-587.</span></p>)
- Long Town + (<p><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., … <p><span>F. G. Cassidy et al., </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Dictionary of American Regional English</span><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 62.</span></p></br><p><span>Curtis, Henry S. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Play and Recreation for the Open Country</span> (Ginn, 1914).</span></p>le="text-decoration: underline;">Play and Recreation for the Open Country</span> (Ginn, 1914).</span></p>)
- Stub One + (<p><span>F. G. Cassidy, </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> </span><span>(Harvard University Press, 1996), page 882.</span></p>)
- One, Two, Three + (<p><span>F. G.</span><span> <span>Cassidy</span></span><span>, </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> </span><span>(Harvard University Press, 1996), page 232.</span></p>)
- Evansville Townball + (<p><span>F. M. Gilbert, </span><em>History of the City of Evansville</em><span> (Pioneer Publishing, 1910), page 106-108.</span></p>)
- 1860.28 + (<p><span>Farmers Cabinet</span> Volume 58, number 42 (May 16, 1860), page 2. </p>)
- Welsh Baseball + (<p><span>For a history of Wels … <p><span>For a history of Welsh baseball, see http://www.welshbaseball.co.uk/history/history/journal/. Included is Martin Johnes, "'Poor man's Cricket': Baseball, Class and Community in South Wales, c.1880 - 1950." <span style="text-decoration: underline;">International Journal of the History of Sport</span>' volume 17, number 4 (December 2000). </span></p></br><p>George Vecsey, "Playing Baseball in Wales," <em>New York</em><em> Times</em>, August 11 1986.</p></br><p><span>Kevin O'Brien - www.welshbaseball.co.uk</span></p>ugust 11 1986.</p> <p><span>Kevin O'Brien - www.welshbaseball.co.uk</span></p>)
- Roundsies + (<p><span>G. Carney, “The </span>Tennis Court<span>,” in G. Land, </span><em>Growing Up with Baseball</em><span> (UNebraska, 2004), page 110.</span></p>)
- Playground Ball + (<p><span>G. E. Johnson, </span><em>What to Do at Recess</em><span> (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 32.</span></p>)
- Kick the Can + (<p><span>G. E. Johnson, </span><em>What to Do at Recess</em><span> (Ginn, Boston, 1910), page 230.</span></p>)
- Five Hundred + (<p><span>G. Land, </span><em>Growing Up with Baseball</em><span> (UNebraska, 2004), pages 61 and 174.</span></p>)
- Jellal + (<p><span>G. T. Lowth, </span><em>The Wanderer in Arabia; or, Western Footsteps in Eastern Tracks</em><span> (Hurst and Blackett, London, 1855), pages 108-110.</span></p>)
- Cora + (<p><span>G. T. Lowth, </span><em>The Wanderer in Arabia; or, Western Footsteps in Eastern Tracks</em><span> (Hurst and Blackett, London, 1855), page 109.</span></p>)
- La Batonet + (<p><span>Geo. Clulow, in </span><em>Notes and Queries: A Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers, Etc. </em><span>(J. Francis, London, 1895), Volume 7 -- January - June, pages 375-376.</span></p>)
- Baseball + (<p><span>Gomme, <em>Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1</em>.2, page 146.</span></p>)
- Munshets + (<p><span>Gomme, </span><em>Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1</em><span>, pages 407-408.</span></p>)
- Bunting + (<p><span>Gomme, </span><em>Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1</em><span>., page 53.</span></p>)
- Kibel and Nerspel + (<p><span>Gomme, </span><em>Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1</em><span>., page 298.</span></p>)
- Cuck-ball + (<p><span>Gomme, </span><em>Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1</em><span>, page 83.</span></p>)
- Cudgel + (<p><span>Gomme, </span><em>Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Volume 1</em><span>, pages 84-85.</span></p>)
- Nationals Inaugurate Western Tours + (<p><span>Greg Rhodes,19cbb post June 17, 2002</span></p>)
- Stickball + (<p><span>Gregory Christiano, <a href="http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html">http://www.myrecollection.com/christianog/games.html</a></span></p> <p><span> </span></p>)
- Rounders -- Hungary + (<p><span>Gyula Hajdu, </span><em>"Collection of Hungarian Folk Games" (as Translated from Hungarian Magyar Nepi Jatekok Gyujtemenye)</em><span> </span>(Budapest: 1971), page 173<span>.</span></p>)
- Sockey + (<p><span>Hall, </span>&l … <p><span>Hall, </span><em>The Tribune Book of Open-Air Sports</em><span> (1887), cited in K. Grover, </span><em>Hard at Play: Leisure in America, 1840-1940</em><span> (UMass Press, 1992), page 244.</span></p></br><p><span><span>F. C. Tatum, </span><em>Old West Town</em><span> Ferris Brothers, </span>Philadelphia<span>, 1888), page 8.</span></span></p>pan>F. C. Tatum, </span><em>Old West Town</em><span> Ferris Brothers, </span>Philadelphia<span>, 1888), page 8.</span></span></p>)
- Club of Abilene + (<p><span>Harold Evans, "Baseball in Kansas, 1867-1940," <em>Kansas Historical Quarterly</em> v. 9, issue 2 (1940)</span></p>)
- 1860.56 + (<p><span>Hartford </span><span>Daily Courant</span>, October 27, 1860. Accessed via subscription search, May 21, 2009.</p>)
- Tabeh + (<p><span>Henry H. Jessup, </span><em>The Women of the Arabs, with a Chapter for Children </em>(Dodd Mead, 1873)<span>, page 90.</span></p>)
- Mechanics Club of Fairfield + (<p><span>History of Jefferson County, Iowa: a record of settlement, organization, progress and achievement; Fulton, Charles J.; S.J. Clarke Publishing Company; 1914; pp 385-386.</span></p>)
- Half-Rubber + (<p><span>Hugh M. Thomason, “A … <p><span>Hugh M. Thomason, “A Depression-Days Schoolyard Game,” </span><em>Western Folklore, </em><span>Vol. 34, Issue 1, January 1975, pages 58-59.</span></p></br><p><span>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-rubber.</span></p></br><p><em>Philadelphia version: </em></p></br><p><span>Brian Howard, “Wild in the Streets,” <em>City Paper June 5, 1997, <a href="http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/060597/article077.shtml">http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/060597/article077.shtml</a>.</em><br/></span></p>article077.shtml">http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/060597/article077.shtml</a>.</em><br/></span></p>)
- 1782.4 + (<p><span>I. N. Phelps Stokes, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources</span><span> (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1150.</span></p>)
- 1778.7 + (<p><span>I. N. Phelps Stokes,& … <p><span>I. N. Phelps Stokes,</span><span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources</span></span><span> (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1068.</span></p>span> (New York, Robert H. Dodd), 1926), Volume V, page 1068.</span></p>)
- Rotation + (<p><span>J. H. McCurdy, “Classification of Playground Activities,” </span><em>American Physical Education Review</em><span> Volume 16 (1911), page 49.</span></p>)
- Hornie-Holes (also Kittie-Cat) + (<p><span>J. Jamieson, </span><em>Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language</em><span> (</span>Edinburgh<span>, 1825), page 592-593.</span></p>)
- Cashhornie + (<p><span>J. Jamieson, </span><em>Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language</em><span> (</span>Edinburgh<span>, 1825), page 187.</span></p>)
- 1860.51 + (<p><span>Jamestown</span><span>[NY] Journal</span>, April 20, 1860. Accessed by subscription search May 21, 2009. </p>)
- Gi-Gi Ball + (<p><span>Jane Leavy [Koufax bio, page ref needed].</span></p>)
- Capital City Club of Madison v Madison BBC of Madison on 13 July 1865 + (<p><span>Jeff Sackman, "The Capital City Base Ball Club of Madison," </span></p>)
- Scholars of Madison v Scholars of Madison in April 1860 + (<p><span>Jeff Sackman, "The Capital City Base Ball Club of Madison," </span></p>)
- Monona Club of Madison + (<p><span>Jeff Sackmann, "The Capital City Base Ball Club of Madison," </span></p>)
- First Inter-Racial Game + (<p><span>Jerrold Casway, "Inter-racial Baseball-- the Pythians vs. the Olympics", in </span><em>Inventing Baseball: The 100 Greatest Games of the 19th Century</em><span> (SABR, 2013), pp. 68-70</span></p>)
- First Enclosed Ballpark + (<p><span>Jerrold Casway, "The First Enclosed Ballpark-- Olympics of Philadelphia vs. St. George", in </span><em>Inventing Baseball: The 100 Greatest Games of the 19th Century </em><span>(SABR, 2013), pp. 32-33</span></p>)
- Cat-and-Bat + (<p><span>John Burnett, </span><em>Riot, Revelry and Rout: Sport in Lowland Scotland before 1860</em><span> </span>(East Linton, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, 2000)<span>., page 208.</span></p>)
- Cat's Pallet + (<p><span>John Harland, ed., </span><em>A Volume of Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester in the Sixteenth Century</em><span> (Chetham Society, 1884), page 156.</span></p>)
- Gidigadie + (<p><span>John Harland, ed., </span><em>A Volume of Court Leet Records of the Manor of Manchester in the Sixteenth Century</em><span> (Chetham Society, 1884), page 156.</span></p>)
- First Reported Scholastic Cricket Clubs + (<p><span>John Lester, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">A Century of Philadelphia Cricket</span><span> [UPenn Press, Philadelphia, 1951], page 11. Lester does not provide a source.</span></p>)
- First Compensated Player + (<p><span>John Thorn posting to 19CBB listserve group, July 5, 2004, 1:39 PM</span></p>)
- Upset Gives Western Clubs First win vs. the East + (<p><span>John Thorn, "The Most Important Game in Baseball History?-- Rockford vs. Washington", in </span><em>Inventing Baseball: The 100 Greatest Games of the 19th Century</em><span> (SABR, 2013), pp. 55-57</span></p>)
- Club-ball + (<p><span>Joseph Strutt, </span><em>The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England</em><span> </span>(1801)<span>, pages 104-105.</span></p> <p><span>Hone, "The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England..." (1831) p. 105</span></p>)
- Tripbal + (<p><span>Josh Chetwynd, </span><em>Baseball in Europe: A Country by Country History</em><span> (McFarland, 2008). page 14.</span></p>)
- Palant + (<p><span>Josh Chetwynd, </s … <p><span>Josh Chetwynd, </span><em>Baseball in Europe: A Country by Country History</em><span> (McFarland, 2008). page 219.</span></p></br><p><a href="http://www.google.com/translate?hl=en&ie=UTF8&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grabow.com.pl%2F%3Fregulamin-gry-w-palanta">http://www.grabow.com.pl/regulamin-gry-w-palanta</a></p></br><p><a href="http://www.ghs-mh.de/traditions/topics/health/sports_pl.htm">http://www.ghs-mh.de/traditions/topics/health/sports_pl.htm</a></p></br><p><span><span>D. Block, </span><em>Base Ball Before We Knew It</em><span> (UNebraska Press, 2005), page 101.</span><span> </span><span>Protoball entry [[1609.1]] summarizes the Jamestown account.</span></span></p>1]] summarizes the Jamestown account.</span></span></p>)
- 1868.7 + (<p><span>Letter from Harry Wright,<em> </em>quoted in<em> Brooklyn Eagle</em> February 12, 1872.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p>)
- 1744.2 + (<p><span>Little Pretty Pocket- … <p><span>Little Pretty Pocket-Book, Intended for the Instruction and Amusement of Little Master Tommy and Pretty Miss Polly</span> [London, John Newbery, 1744]. Per Henderson ref 107, adding Newbery's name as publisher from text at p. 132. The earliest extant version of this book is from 1760 [per David Block]. <strong><br/></strong></p>1760 [per David Block]. <strong><br/></strong></p>)
- 1859.23 + (<p><span>Lowell [MA] Daily Journal and Courier</span>, August 1, 1859.</p>)
- German Bat Ball + (<p><span>Lydia<span> < … <p><span>Lydia<span> </span>Clark<span>, </span><em>Physical Training for the Elementary Schools</em><span> (B. H. Sanborn, Chicago, 1921), pages 240-243.</span></span></p></br><p><span>Emily Elmore and M. O’Shea, </span><em>A Practical Handbook of Games</em><span> </span>(Macmillan, New York, 1922)<span>, pages 36-39.</span></p> O’Shea, </span><em>A Practical Handbook of Games</em><span> </span>(Macmillan, New York, 1922)<span>, pages 36-39.</span></p>)
- Sixteen-Inch Softball (No-Glove Softball) + (<p><span>M. Davey, “Gloveless … <p><span>M. Davey, “Gloveless Players Hold on to Softball Dream,” </span><em>New York</em><em> Times</em><span>, 9/18/09.</span></p></br><p><span><span>E. Hageman, “The Clincher,” In Gary Land, ed., </span><em>Growing Up with Baseball</em><span> (UNebraska, 2004), pages 131-132.</span></span></p>,” In Gary Land, ed., </span><em>Growing Up with Baseball</em><span> (UNebraska, 2004), pages 131-132.</span></span></p>)
- King’s Play (Cluich an Righ) + (<p><span>MacLagan, "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'.", page 80.</span></p>)
- Speilinn + (<p><span>MacLagan, R. C. "Additions to 'the Games of Argyleshire'." <em>Folklore</em> 16, no. 1 (1905), pages 87-88.</span></p>)
- 1860.58 + (<p><span>Macon</span> <span>Telegraph</span>, March 12, 1860. All seven articles were accessed via subscription search, May 20-21, 2009. </p>)
- First Game On Both Starting Pitchers' Birthdays + (<p><span>Mark Sheldon, "Birthday Boys Bailey, Dempster Make History," MLB.Com posting, 5/3/12.</span></p>)
- Burn Ball + (<p><span>Marty Appel, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Slide Kelly Slide</span><span> </span>(Scarecrow Press, 1999)<span>, page 9.</span></p>)
- 1842.12 + (<p><span>Memoir and Sermons of the Rev. William Duval, published in Richmond, Virginia in 1854 by his colleague the Rev. Cornelius Walker. p. 26.</span></p>)
- 1861.15 + (<p><span>Military History and Reminiscences of the Thirteenth Regiment of the Illinois Volunteer Infantry</span> (Woman's Temperance Publishing, Chicago, 1892), page 10. PBall file: CW-122. </p>)
- Aipuni + (<p><span>Monica Nucciarone, &l … <p><span>Monica Nucciarone, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Alexander Cartwright</span><span> (UNebraska Press, 2009), page 201.</span><span> </span><span>The author cites the source as W. R. Castle, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Reminiscences of William Richards Castle.</span><span> (Advertiser Publishing, 1960), page 50.</span></p></br><p><span> </span></p></br><p><span>See also Item [[1855c.10]], <span>"New Game" of Wicket Played in HI."</span></span></p>.10]], <span>"New Game" of Wicket Played in HI."</span></span></p>)
- 1860.13 + (<p><span>New York Clipper</span> August 11, 1860, page 132</p>)
- 1856.9 + (<p><span>New York Clipper</span>, July 19, 1856 [page?] Per Seymour, Harold - Notes in the Seymour Collection at Cornell University, Kroch Library Department of Rare and Manuscript Collections, collection 4809.</p>)
- 1859.28 + (<p><span>New York Evening Express</span>, October 22, 1859, page 3 column 3. Posted to 19CBB on 3/1/2007 by George Thompson.</p>)
- 1859.27 + (<p><span>New York Herald</span><em>,</em> October 16, 1859, page 1 column 5. Posted to 19CBB on 3/1/2007 by George Thompson.</p>)
- First Known Lady Umpire + (<p><span>New York Sunday Mercury, September 2, 1866, per 19cbb post by Richard Hershberger, Sep. 5, 2012</span></p>)
- 1857.33 + (<p><span>New York </span><span>Clipper</span>, June 20, 1857. </p>)
- 1860.57 + (<p><span>New York </span><span>Clipper</span>, March 17, 1860. </p>)
- 1859.38 + (<p><span>New York </span><span>Clipper</span>, April 9, 1859.</p>)
- 1859.37 + (<p><span>New York</span> <span>Clipper</span> (July 2, 1859.) </p>)
- 1860.35 + (<p><span>New York</span> <span>Clipper, facsimile from the Mears Collection </span>(date omitted from scrapbook source, confirmed as June 9, 1860</p>)
- 1860.31 + (<p><span>New York</span> <span>Clipper,</span> April 21, 1860, p.7</p>)
- Hat Ball + (<p><span>Newell, </span> … <p><span>Newell, </span><em>Games and Songs of American Children</em><span>. page 183.</span></p></br><p><span><span>Paul G. Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games</em><span> </span>(University of Oklahoma Press, 1953)<span>, page 85.</span></span></p>Nonsinging Games</em><span> </span>(University of Oklahoma Press, 1953)<span>, page 85.</span></span></p>)
- Club of Council City + (<p><span>Nome <em>Nugget</em>, March 12, April 30, July 16, 1904</span></p>)
- Tradgy + (<p><span>O. Heslop, </span><em>Northumberland Words</em><span> (Oxford U Press, London, 1893), page 741.</span></p>)
- Pie-Ball + (<p><span>O. Heslop, </span><em>Northumberland Words</em><span> (Oxford U Press, London, 1893), page 535.</span></p>)
- Bittle-Battle + (<p><span>On the Domesday Book … <p><span>On the Domesday Book s-See Protoball Chronology #[[1086.1]]</span></p></br><p><span>[A.] Gomme, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Traditional Games of England, </span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Scotland, and Ireland</span><span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">,</span> Volume 1 (Dover Press, New York, 1964 -- orig. 1898), page 34.</span></p></br><p><span>[B] Lusted, Andrew, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Girls Just Wanted to Have Fun</span>, 2013, page 3, citing Rev'd W. D. Parish,<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect</span>, 1875.<br/></span></p></br><p><span>[C] Lusted, op. cit., page 28. The source is the <em>Sussex Advertiser, June 21, 1864.</em><br/></span></p></br><p><span>[D] David Block, email of 12/6/2021.</span></p>t;p><span>[C] Lusted, op. cit., page 28. The source is the <em>Sussex Advertiser, June 21, 1864.</em><br/></span></p> <p><span>[D] David Block, email of 12/6/2021.</span></p>)
- 1862.11 + (<p><span>Ordinance and Rules and Order of the City of Boston</span> (Mudge and Son, Boston, 1869), page 132. Accessed 2/18/10 via Google Book search ("ball, foot-ball" ordinances 1869). </p>)
- Cerkelspelen (Circle-Game?) + (<p><span>P. Maigaard, “Battingball Games,” reprinted in Block, </span><em>Baseball Before We Knew It,</em><span> Appendix 6.</span><span> </span><span>See page 263.</span></p>)
- Bo-Ball + (<p><span>P. Maigaard, “Battingball Games,” reprinted in Block, </span><em>Baseball Before We Knew It,</em><span> Appendix 6.</span><span> </span><span>See page 274.</span></p>)
- 1867.11 + (<p><span>Paterson Daily Press of August 2, 1867 </span></p>)
- Softball + (<p><span>Paul Dickson, <spa … <p><span>Paul Dickson, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Worth Book of Softball</span> (Facts on File, 1994).</span></p></br><p><span>Morris A Bealle, </span><em>The Softball Story</em><span> </span>(Washington: Columbian Publishing Group, 1956)<span>.</span></p>all Story</em><span> </span>(Washington: Columbian Publishing Group, 1956)<span>.</span></p>)
- Balloon + (<p><span>Paul G. Brewster, "Ga … <p><span>Paul G. Brewster, "Games and Sports in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century British Literature," </span><em>Western Folklore</em><span> 6, no. 2 </span>(1947)<span>., page 143.</span></p></br><p><span>Hone, "The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England..." (1831) p. 96</span></p>><span>Hone, "The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England..." (1831) p. 96</span></p>)
- Bull Pen + (<p><span>Paul G. Brewster, </span><em>American Nonsinging Games </em>(U Oklahoma Press, Norman OK, 1953)<span>, page 82-83.</span></p>)
- Grutz + (<p><span>Paul R. Wieand, </span><em>Outdoor Games of the Pennsylvania Germans</em><span> </span>(Plymouth Meeting, PA: Mrs. C. N. Keyser, 1950)<span>., page 9.</span></p>)
- Long Ball (European baserunning game) + (<p><span>Per Maigaard, "Battin … <p><span>Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," </span><em>Genus</em><span> 5 </span>(1941)<span>. Reprinted as Appendix 6 in David Block, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Baseball Before We Knew It</span> (U. Nebraska, 2005), pages 260ff.</span></p></br><p><span><span>Henry S. Curtis, </span><em>Play and Recreation for the Open Country</em><span> </span>(Ginn, 1914)<span>. pages 62-63.</span></span></p>m>Play and Recreation for the Open Country</em><span> </span>(Ginn, 1914)<span>. pages 62-63.</span></span></p>)
- Slavonic Long Ball + (<p><span>Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," </span><em>Genus</em><span> 5 (1941); reprinted in Block<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> Baseball Before We Knew It</span>, Appendix 6, page 263.</span></p>)
- Prelleries + (<p><span>Per Maigaard, "Battingball Games," </span><em>Genus</em><span> 5 (1941); reprinted in Block, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Baseball Before We Knew It</span> (U. Nebraska, 2005), Appendix 6, page 263.</span></p>)
- Lahden Mailaveikot + (<p><span>Per Maigaard, “Battingball Games,” Genus 5 (1941). Reprinted in Block, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Baseball Before We Knew It</span><em>,</em><span> Appendix 6.</span><span> </span><span>See page 260ff in Block.</span></p>)
- Unity Club of Port Richmond + (<p><span>Peverelly (1866) pp. 504-505</span></p> <p><span>Philadelphia <em>Sunday Mercury</em>, Nov. 26, 1865</span></p>)
- West Philadelphia Club of Philadelphia + (<p><span>Peverelly (1866) pp. 504-505</span></p> <p><span>Philadelphia Inquirer, Nov. 27, 1865</span></p>)
- Germantown Club of Philadelphia + (<p><span>Peverelly (1866) pp. 504-505</span></p>)
- Kickenepawling Club of Johnston + (<p><span>Peverelly (1866) pp. 504-505</span></p>)
- Union Club of Titusville + (<p><span>Peverelly (1866) pp. 504-505</span></p>)
- Wild Cat Club of Brookville + (<p><span>Peverelly (1866) pp. 504-505</span></p>)
- Delphian Club of Philadelphia + (<p><span>Philadelphia <em>Press</em>, April 21, 1867</span></p>)
- Arctic Club of Philadelphia + (<p><span>Philadelphia City Item, Oct. 7, 1865. See Protoball 19C clippings.</span></p>)
- 1862.4 + (<p><span>Philadelphia</span> <span>Inquirer</span>, October 2, 1862. Accessed via subscription search May 20, 2009. </p>)
- 1862.10 + (<p><span>Philadelphia</span><span>Inquirer</span>, August 22, 1862. Accessed 5/20/2009 via subscription search. </p>)
- 1859.8 + (<p><span>Pittsfield </span><span>Sun</span>, June 23, 1859. Accessed via subscription search February 17, 2009. </p>)
- In Great Barrington on 11 April 1856 + (<p><span>Pittsfield Sun, April 24, 2856, page 2.</span></p>)
- 1857.32 + (<p><span>Porter's Spirit of the Times</span>, Saturday, May 9, 1857. </p>)
- 1857.19 + (<p><span>Porter's Spirit of the Times</span>, Saturday, February 14, 1857. Accessed via subscription search, May 15, 2009.</p>)
- 1857.7 + (<p><span>Porter's Spirit of the Times</span>, April 18, 1857. Facsimile contributed by Gregory Christiano, December 2, 2009. </p>)
- 1856.16 + (<p><span>Porter's Spirit of the Times</span>, September 20, 1856. </p>)
- 1857.30 + (<p><span>Porter's Spirit of the </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">Times</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">, June 27, 1857 [page?]. </span></p>)
- First Mention of Hand Protection in Baseball + (<p><span>Primary source of poem not known. From a 19CBB post by Tom Shieber, Oct. 28, 2003</span></p>)
- Port Townsend Base Ball Club + (<p><span>Puget Sound Weekly Argus, Port Townsend, WA. June 17, 1880.</span></p>)
- Port Gamble Base Ball Club + (<p><span>Puget Sound Weekly Argus, Port Townsend, WA. June 17, 1880.</span></p> <p><span>Seattle Intelligencer, Aug. 30, 1876</span></p>)
- Thor-ball + (<p><span>R. Bowen, </span><em>Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development Throughout the World </em>(Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1970), page 36<em>. </em>Bowen does not give dates or sources for the Dutch/Danish accounts.</p>)
- Gate-ball (Thorball) + (<p><span>R. Bowen, </span><em>Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development Throughout the World </em>(Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1970), page 36<em>. </em>Bowen does not give dates or sources for the Dutch/Danish accounts.</p>)
- American Cricket + (<p><span>Reportedly in the < … <p><span>Reportedly in the </span><em>Philadelphia</em><em> Mercury</em><span>.</span><span> </span><span>An account of the article </span><span> </span><span>appeared in the </span><em>Penny Illustrated Paper</em><span> (</span>London<span>), December 17, 1870 (page 370).</span><span> </span><span>Contributed by Tom Shieber, email of 2/25/2009.</span></p></br><p><span>This game is cited -- ("this contrived game proved to be acceptable to no one and was quickly forgotten") in Tom Melville, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Tented Field: A History of Cricket in America</span> (Bowling Green State University Press, 1998), page 149. Melville attributes the introduction of the game to game to J. Wood, secretary of the Chicago Cricket Club. </span></p></br><p><span>Protoball does not have a <em>Philadelphia </em><em>Mercury</em> source for this report. </span></p></br><p><span> </span></p>cket Club. </span></p> <p><span>Protoball does not have a <em>Philadelphia </em><em>Mercury</em> source for this report. </span></p> <p><span> </span></p>)
- Cincinnati Club Forms as First All-Professional Nine + (<p><span>Rhodes, Greg & Erardi, John, </span><em>The First Boys of Summer. </em><span>Road West Publishing Co., 1994, p.4</span></p>)
- Philadelphia Town Ball + (<p><span>Richard Hershberger, “A Reconstruction of Philadelphia Town Ball,” </span><em>Base Ball</em><span>, Volume 1, number 2 </span>(Fall 2007)<span>, pages 28-43.</span></p>)
- 1886.1 + (<p><span>Robert H Shaefer, &l … <p><span>Robert H Shaefer, <em> </em>"The Wiman Trophy, and the Man for Whom It was Named, <em> Base Ball</em>, Vol. I №2 (2007), p. 55.</span></p></br><p><span> </span></p></br><p><span>[Reprised in John Thorn's <em>Our Game</em> blog, 2/14/2022]</span></p></br><p><span>see https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/the-wiman-trophy-and-the-man-for-whom-it-was-named-14c334840975.</span></p></br><p><span> </span></p>ps://ourgame.mlblogs.com/the-wiman-trophy-and-the-man-for-whom-it-was-named-14c334840975.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p>)
- Spring Creek Club of Mumford + (<p><span>Rochester Newspaper Index, Rochester Public Library</span></p>)
- 1862.7 + (<p><span>Rochester</span><span>[NY] Union and Advertiser</span>, April 28, 1862. Posted to the 19CBB listserve by Priscilla Astifan on May 14, 2005. </p>)
- German Baseball + (<p><span>Roland Naul, “Applied Sport History,” </span><em>Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport</em><span> (Plantin-Print, Budapest, 2002), pages 432ff.</span></p>)
- 1860.55 + (<p><span>San Joaquin Republican</span>, May 26, 1860. Accessed via subscription search May 20, 2009. </p>)
- Crekettes + (<p><span>See <a href="http: … <p><span>See <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/4883752/Strewth-Cricket-is-a-foreign-import-according-to-new-Australian-research.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/4883752/Strewth-Cricket-is-a-foreign-import-according-to-new-Australian-research.html</a> accessed 10/10/09.</span><span> </span><span>Special thanks to Beth Hise, emails of September 2009, for leads on this game.</span></p>cial thanks to Beth Hise, emails of September 2009, for leads on this game.</span></p>)
- Excelsior Club of New Texas Landing + (<p><span>See Feliciana Sentinel, May 17, 1879</span></p>)
- Indoor Baseball + (<p><span>See Paul Dickson, < … <p><span>See Paul Dickson, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Worth Book of Softball</span> (Facts on File, 1994), Chapter 3 (pages 46-59). Also, <span>John Allen Krout, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Annals of American Sport</span>(Yale University Press, 1929)<span>, page 219. </span></span></p></br><p><span><span>The above quotation is found in Peter Morris, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">A Game of Inches</span> (Ivan Dee, 2010 single-bvolume edition, page 498. </span></span></p>le="text-decoration: underline;">A Game of Inches</span> (Ivan Dee, 2010 single-bvolume edition, page 498. </span></span></p>)
- Bace + (<p><span>See Protoball Chronology entries [[1805.4]] and [[1805.5]].</span><span> </span><span>The game was reported in the </span><em>New York Evening Post </em><span>of April 13, 1805.</span></p>)
- Bat-Ball + (<p><span>See Protoball Chronol … <p><span>See Protoball Chronology entries for 1791.</span></p></br><p><span>D Wise and S. Forrest, </span><em>Great Big Book of Children’s Games</em><span> (McGraw-Hill, 2003), pages 219-220.</span></p></br><p><span>See http://www.askaboutsports.com/boball.htm</span></p>s 219-220.</span></p> <p><span>See http://www.askaboutsports.com/boball.htm</span></p>)
- Baste Ball + (<p><span>See Protoball Chronol … <p><span>See Protoball Chronology entry [[1786.1]].</span><span> </span><span>A second entry, [[1848c.9]], includes baste ball in a list of boyhood games played by future US President Benjamin Harrison. A third entry, [[1874.2]], reports its use as a game played in Chattanooga TN.</span></p></br><p><span>Email to Protoball from David Block, 2/19/2017.</span></p>t;</p> <p><span>Email to Protoball from David Block, 2/19/2017.</span></p>)
- Run-Around + (<p><span>See Protoball Chronology item #[[1855c.1]].</span><span> </span><span>The letter was written to the Mills Commission, which was examining the origins of American baseball.</span></p>)
- Patch Baseball + (<p><span>See Protoball Chronology item [[1850c.17]].</span><span> </span><span>Thanks to Skip McAfee for explaining the term.</span></p>)
- Chermany + (<p><span>See also Frederic Gom … <p><span>See also Frederic Gomes Cassidy and Joan Houston Hall, </span><em>Dictionary of American Regional English</em><span> (Harvard University Press, 1996), page 604.</span><span> </span><span>The dictionary notes usage as “esp. VA” and gives four attested citations from 1889 to 1911, one of them a recollection from 1840, and another a 1911 dictionary associating the game with “the </span>Southern United States<span>.”</span></p></br><p><span>The Richmond <em>Whig</em>, Aug. 21, 1866 speaks of southerners 20 years prior playing bandy and chermany. The Richmond <em>Dispatch</em>, July 20, 1890 says kids played chermany 40 years ago (i.e., 1850). See also Altherr, "Southern Ball Games--Chermany, Round Cat, Etc." <em>Base Ball</em> (Spring 2011).</span></p>. See also Altherr, "Southern Ball Games--Chermany, Round Cat, Etc." <em>Base Ball</em> (Spring 2011).</span></p>)
- Wicket + (<p><span>Short descriptions of … <p><span>Short descriptions of the game are found in Protoball Chronology items #[[1846.8]], #[[1850s.16]], and #[[1855c.3]].</span><span> </span><span>There is also a Protoball Subchronology at http://protoball.org/Chronology:Wicket. As of 2022, Protoball lists over 50 milestones for to wicket.</span></p></br><p><span>Robin Carver, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Book of Sports </span>(Boston, 1834). See chapter III, "Games with a Ball. The simpler game appears on pages 48-49." Carver does not name the simpler game as wicket.</span></p></br><p><span>An excellent article on wicket in CT, by Alex Dubois, appeared in the March 2022 Origins/Protoball Committee Newsletter.</span></p>by Alex Dubois, appeared in the March 2022 Origins/Protoball Committee Newsletter.</span></p>)
- Box Baseball + (<p><span>Simon J. Bronner, "Co … <p><span>Simon J. Bronner, "Concrete Folklore: Sidewalk Box Games," </span><em>Western Folklore</em><span> 36, no. 2 </span>(1977)<span>., page 172.</span></p></br><p><span>[B] Communication from Neal Seldman and Mark Schoenberg.</span></p></br><p><span> </span></p>n>[B] Communication from Neal Seldman and Mark Schoenberg.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p>)
- Corkball + (<p><span>Special thanks to Jef … <p><span>Special thanks to Jeff Kittel, emails of 10/11/09 and 9/22/13, for material on this game.</span><span> A website on corkball is found at <a href="http://www.playcorkball.com,">http://www.playcorkball.com,</a> as accessed 9/25/13. It includes a 2012 paper on the history and context of the game. Its author, Jeff Kopp, sent us many further details (outlined above) in a 10/16/2013 email. </span></p></br><p><span>See also </span><a href="http://www.angelfire.com/sports/corkball/STLhistory.html">http:///www.angelfire.com/sports/corkball/STLhistory.htm</a><span>. Accessed 10/8/09. This article includes a description of corkball rules and a corkball chronology that shows the addition of balls and strikes in 1941 and of extra-base hits in 1965.</span></p>n of balls and strikes in 1941 and of extra-base hits in 1965.</span></p>)
- 1857.28 + (<p><span>Spirit of the Times</span>, Volume 27, number 35 (Saturday, October 10, 1857), page 416, column 1. </p>)
- 1856.19 + (<p><span>Spirit of the Times</span>, Volume 26, number 39 (Saturday, November 8, 1856), page 463, column 3.</p> <p><span>Spirit of the Times</span> Volume 27, number 20 (June 27, 1857), page 234, column 2. </p>)
- 1858.41 + (<p><span>Spirit of the Times</span>, Volume 28, number 7 (Saturday, March 27, 1858), page 78, column 2</p>)
- 1858.39 + (<p><span>Spirit of the Times</span>, Volume 28, number 7 (Saturday, March 27, 1858), page 78, column 2</p>)
- Tornado Club of Carthage + (<p><span>Springfield Weekly Patriot, Sept. 8, 1870</span></p>)
- Empire Jr. Club of St. Louis + (<p><span>St. Louis Globe Democrat, July 16, 1869</span></p> <p><span>St. Louis <em>Missouri Democrat</em>, Sept. 11, 1867</span></p>)
- 1860.53 + (<p><span>St. Louis</span> <span>Daily Bulletin</span>, Friday, May 4, 1860.</p>)
- First recorded game between two different non-white races + (<p><span>Steven Jay Gould, Triumph and Tragedy: A Lifelong Passion for Baseball (Norton, 2003), page 26. Gould does not provide a detailed source for the Sporting News story.</span></p>)
- Cat (Kat) + (<p><span>Stewart Culin, "Street Games of Boys in </span>Brooklyn, N.Y.<span>," </span><em>Journal of American Folklore</em><span> 4, no. 14 </span>(1891)<span>. page 233.</span></p>)
- Northern Spell + (<p><span>Strutt, </span><em>The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England</em><span>.</span></p>)
- Hand-in-Hand-Out + (<p><span>Teresa McLean, </s … <p><span>Teresa McLean, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The English at Play in the Middle Ages</span><span> </span>(Kensal Press, 1985)<span>, page 80. In <em>The Royal Dictionary</em> by A. Boyer (London, 1764), Hand In Hand Out is defined as "the Name of an unlawful Game," and translated into French as "forte de jeu defendu."<br/></span></p> "the Name of an unlawful Game," and translated into French as "forte de jeu defendu."<br/></span></p>)
- Cadet Club of Texas Military Institute + (<p><span>The </span><em>Austin American Statesman</em><span>, Nov. 4, 1871 </span></p>)
- Confederate Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, May 29, 1867</span></p>)
- Magnolia Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, May 29, 1867</span></p>)
- St. Lazarus Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, Feb. 17, 1867</span></p>)
- Resolute Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, Feb. 17, 1867</span></p>)
- Colored Boot-Blacks v Negro Rag-Pickers in 1869 + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, Sept. 1, 1869 </span></p>)
- Athletic Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, Feb. 24, 1867</span></p>)
- Atlantic Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, Feb. 24, 1867</span></p>)
- Pickwick Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, June 28, 1868</span></p>)
- Chickasaw Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, June 5, 1870</span></p>)
- Green Stockings Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, May 4, 1870</span></p>)
- Oriental Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, June 2, 1870 </span></p>)
- Eclipse Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Appeal</em><span>, June 14, 1868</span></p>)
- Active Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Public Ledger</em><span>, July 23, 1867</span></p>)
- Crescent Club of Humboldt + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Public Ledger</em><span>, June 17, 1868</span></p>)
- Eureka Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Public Ledger</em><span>, April 22, 1868</span></p>)
- Crescent Club of Memphis + (<p><span>The </span><em>Memphis Public Ledger</em><span>, May 2, 1867</span></p>)