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<p>Private Berea M. Willsey kept a diary in 1862, 1863, and 1864, and noted ballplaying succinctly 8 times, all in the month of April. In April 1863 there are entries for April 9<sup>th</sup>, 14<sup>th</sup>, 18<sup>th</sup>, 20<sup>th</sup>, and 22<sup>nd</sup>. On the 14<sup>th</sup>, when hostilities seemed near, he wrote “Eight days rations were given out to the different Regts & all surplus baggage sent away. Prepared myself as well as I could for the coming struggle & then had a good game of ball.” Willsey mentions a match against the 35<sup>th</sup> NY on April 20<sup>th</sup> and one against the 36<sup>th</sup> NY on April 22<sup>nd</sup>. The 10<sup>th</sup> was in a Virginia winter camp in this period.</p> <p>In 1864 Willsey reports on a match game with the 2<sup>nd</sup> RI on April 26 and another against the 1<sup>st</sup> NJ on April 30. “We have never been beat, he says. On April 23, he records a “game of ball” that was wicket. “The dust has been flying in clouds all day, yet it did not prevent the game of Ball from being played. Our boys were opposed by the 37th Mass at a game of wicket making 337 tallies, while the 37<sup>th</sup> only made 200.” In 1864 the Regiment was in the vicinity of Brandy Station VA.</p> <p>Jessica H. DeMay, ed., <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Civil War Diary of Berea M. Willsey</span> (Heritage Books, 1995), pp 84-86, 142-143. Full text unavailable online 6/10/09. Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 2009. The 10<sup>th</sup> MA was from Western Massachusetts, and Willsey may have been from the North Adams area. Cf. [[CW-51]], which also depicts the 10<sup>th</sup> MA.</p>  +
<p>“Dear Wife . . . . The boys have had fine Sport this Spring, playing Ball pitching quarters and other Sports, it has been fine weather for some time and the ground dry and hard. Last Evening after Dress Parade I could not resist the temptation of joining with the men in there sports. After playing ball for some time I changed the sport by running a foot race with Lt. Murphy, which created a considerable fun after which the whole Redg. joined with the 127<sup>th</sup> Redg. in the same Sport, officers as well as men.”</p> <p>Letter from Ambrose F Cole to his wife, Jane Utley Cole, April 14, 1863. Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 2009. <strong>Note:</strong> can we determine where the 59<sup>th</sup> was formed, and where it was in April 1863?</p> <p>59th mostly from NYC. Was in Army of the Potomac, in VA in April 1863. [ba]</p>  +
<p>“Falmouth April 27<sup>th</sup>, 63. Dear sister . . . we expect to move very soon perhaps to night other troops have been on the move all day the 19<sup>th</sup> Mass regt and the 7<sup>th</sup> Michigan have had a great game of ball to day the stakes were one hundred & ten dollars a side the Mass boys beat & won the money . . . write often.”</p> <p>Letter from James Decker to Francis Decker, April 1863. Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 2009. Other Decker letters suggest that Decker may have been from the Syracuse NY area. <strong>Note: </strong>identify Decker and his military unit?</p>  +
<p>“April 26<sup>th</sup> 1863. “Another day has passed and I have made a full day in the pay rolls. I heartily wish they were finished for I am tired of them. After parade played ball for half an hour . . . I think we will certainly march in a day or two:</p> <p>George French, Diaries for 1862 and 1863. Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 2009. French was a sergeant in the 105<sup>th</sup> NY. <strong>Note:</strong> we need to re-examine the context for this reference; where was the 105<sup>th</sup> in April, where was French from. The regiment had some soldiers from Rochester NY, including many Irish immigrants.</p> <p>The 105th was near Falmouth, VA that April. [ba]</p>  +
<p>Near Falmouth VA in April 1863, two companies of the 11<sup>th</sup> New Jersey Regiment played a ball game for which a box score was preserved. Each team was captained by, well, a Captain, and each Captain captain inserted himself as leadoff hitter. The box shows a nine-player, nine-inning game [or maybe eight] with a three-out side-out rule. [There seem to have been no outs recorded in one nine-run half-inning, but let’s not be picky.] Captain Martin’s D Company rushed out to an 18-2 lead and coasted to a 40-15 win over Captain Logan’s H Company.</p> <p>A handsome account of the game’s context, with the box score, is found in John W. Kuhl, “The Game,” <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Military Images</span>, Volume 25, Number 3 (November/December 2003), pp. 19-22. Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 2009. The article’s author reports that the box score appeared in the regimental history but does not give a further source. Sadly, both captains were to be killed at Gettysburg in a matter of weeks. The regiment’s history is Thomas D. Marbaker, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The History of the Eleventh New Jersey Volunteers from its Organization to Appomattox</span> (MacCrellish and Quigley, Trenton, 1898). It appears to be available online via the subscription site ancestry.com as of June 2009.</p>  +
While the 11th New Jersey base ball match took place prior to Gettysburg, the third reference involved a game played several months after the battle, not long before Abraham Lincoln gave his historic speech at the new Gettysburg National Cemetery.  Playing in the match were members of Battery B of the 1st New Jersey artillery, more popularly known as Clark's battery which served with distinction on both the second and third days at Gettysburg.  The base ball connection came to my attention when my friend, Joe Bilby sent me a picture of a print of Clark's battery in camp at Brandy Wine Station, Virginia in November of 1863.  The print shows members of the battery engaged in various camp activities including a group in the lower right hand corner playing base ball.  Joe cautioned me that the picture was not in the public domain so I set out try to locate the original.  My search took me to the Baseball Hall of Fame library which only has a copy and so couldn't give permission to use it.  The library also passed on a link to an recent sale of a copy on eBay for about $425. (John Zinn)<br>  +
<p>The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Herald</span> headline for an April 1863 article about Hooker’s Army of the Potomac promised “Fun and Sports in the Army: Base Ball Match – New Jersey vs. New York.” Unfortunately, no corresponding text is in the article as retrieved online. The dispatch from Virginia is dated April 28.</p> <p>“Interesting from Hooker’s Army,” <span style="text-decoration: underline;">New York</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> Herald</span>, April 29, 1863. Accessed May 21, 2009 via subscription to Genealogybank. <strong>Note:</strong> can we locate the full text?</p>  +
<p>“A match game at Base Ball occurred between selected nines of the Fifth and Eighth New Jersey Regiments on Tuesday last, resulted in favor of the Eighth by a score of 50 to 15. . . . On the second innings the Eighth Regiment made 14 runs.”</p> <p>“Base Ball in the Army,” <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Trenton</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> State</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> Gazette</span>, April 30, 1863. Accessed May 20, 2009 via Genealogybank subscription. According to a fellow named Abner Doubleday, the 5<sup>th</sup> NJ was part of a “brilliant Counter-charge at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 3: thus, the regiment and the match must have been in Virginia. [See A. Doubleday, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Chancellorsville and Gettysburg</span> (Scribners, New York, 1882), page 47.] An identical article appeared in the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Newark Daily Advertiser</span> on April 28, 1863 [provided by John Zinn on 3/10/09], and in the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Daily State Gazette and Republican</span> [City?] on 4/30/1864 [provided by John Maurath on 1/18/2009].</p>  +
<p>“A match game of base ball was played near the banks of the Rappahannock on the 2<sup>nd</sup> inst., between selected nines of the 2d and 26<sup>th</sup> Regiments, and of the 2d New Jersey Brigade, resulting in favor of the former, 29 to 15. Among the players of the former were Lieuts. Linen [see file CW-65] and Neidisch [sic?] of the Eureka and Newark Clubs.”</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Newark</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> Daily Advertiser</span>, June 6, 1863. Provided by John Zinn, March 10, 2009.</p>  +
<p>“On Saturday the 11<sup>th</sup> inst., a match game of ‘base ball’ came off upon the drill ground of the 1<sup>st</sup> N. J. Brigade, in Virginia, between the players of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Regt., and the 26<sup>th</sup>, the former being the challengers. It was witnessed with much interest by most of the Brigade . . . . “A challenge from the 26<sup>th</sup> is expected soon, when the 2<sup>nd</sup> hope to carry off the palm.”</p> <p>“Local Matters. Base Ball in the Army,” Newark Daily Advertiser, April 15, 1863. Provided by John Zinn 3/10/09.<strong> Note:</strong> this game is also mentioned in passing in B. Gottfried, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Kearney’s Own: the History of the First Jersey Brigade in the Civil War</span> (Rutgers U Press, 2005), page 107.</p>  +
<p>“The health of the entire Army remains good, and the men enjoy themselves by athletic exercises and other amusements between parades and drills, pitching quoits, playing base ball and cricket, and horse racing are their every day pastimes.”</p><p>“Penn,” [sic?] in “Our Army Correspondence,” [Pittsburgh?] <u>Chronicle, </u>Thursday, April 16, 1863. Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 2009. This long piece focuses some on the “three Pittsburgh and Alleghany regiments, viz. Sixty-Second, One Hundred and Twenty-Third, and One Hundred and Fifty-Fifth,” but the remark about recreation does not appear to apply to them only. The correspondent writes from a camp near Falmouth, VA. </p>  +
<p>“All We two Compnys do is to drill 1 and ½ hower in th mornig gon gard once in two Weaks We play ball pitch quoits the rest of the time. We play the New York Gam most of the time. Mass Game some We Changle other Regement and thay us the 25 Mass is the Best plays 46 next 44 next 51 Nex Battarys Next 5 R.I. Last some exciting games to. Have a Greesy pole Grees Pig all sorts of games you can think of Card Domonuse, &c. . . . But How are the girls in M [Marlboro NH] . . . the Boys have bases up & are in a stem to have me play ball I supose I must go. . . [resuming later:] My side got 10 tales. The other side got 7 talies the sam wons are going to try it to morrow.”</p> <p>Letter from Ora W. Harvey, April 15, 1863, from New Bern NC. Harvey, from Marlboro NH, was with the 46<sup>th</sup> MA. New Bern had been captured by the North in March 1862 and held for the entire war. Text and facsimile online via the Notre Dame rare book collection, accessed 6/14/09 via ”’msn/cw 5026-01’” search. Marlboro NH is just west of Keene NH, and about 20 miles north of the MA border. New Bern is near the Atlantic coast and is about 100 miles SE of Raleigh.</p>  +
<p>“Friday, April 17, 1863 Quite a fine day. Boys all playing ball. Co. drills in the afternoon.</p> <p>“Wednesday, April 22, 1863 Cool with some appearances of a storm. Played ball today and got somewhat tired.”</p> <p>G. S. Stuart and A. M. Jakeman, Jr., eds., <span style="text-decoration: underline;">John H. Stevens: Civil War </span>Diary (Miller Books, Acton ME, 1997), page 127. Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 1863. <strong>Note: </strong>we need to ascertain Stevens’ home and unit; the 9<sup>th</sup> PA lists a soldier by this name as a 1st Lt., as does the 5<sup>th</sup> MI, as does the 5<sup>th</sup> ME, which seems the most likely unit.. Text is not found via Google Books in June 2009.</p>  +
<p>“The parade ground has been a busy place for a week or so past, ball-playing having become a mania in camp. Officers and men forget, for a time, the differences in rank and indulge in the invigorating sport with a school-boy’s ardor. [The account lists two recent inter-company games.] The game is the fashionable “New York Game,” played by nine on a side, and nine innings making a game. An undecided game is now pending between the Tenth Massachusetts and Thirty-Sixth New York regiments.”</p><p>Private Alpheris B. Parker, of the Tenth Massachusetts, on April 21, 1863, as cited [in part] in Ward and Burns, <u>Baseball</u> (Knopf, 1994), page 11. The original source is not there cited, but must be from a letter or diary written by Parker. The full quotation appears in J. K. Newell, <u>Ours. Annals of 10<sup>th</sup> Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, in the Rebellion</u> (C. A. Nichols, Springfield, 1875), page 199. The author of the history indicates that he “pirated” material from men’s accounts, sometimes without attribution, as seems to be the case with this passage. The 10<sup>th</sup> lists an “Alpheus Parker,” from Colrain in NW MA, on its Company G rolls. The Tenth’s winter camp in 1862-63 was near Falmouth VA, and In April it stood on the eve of the Chancellorsville battle.</p><p>In April 1864 the 10<sup>th</sup> was camped near Brandy Station VA. <u>Ours</u> [page 256] suddenly lists ballplaying on seven days between April 13 and May 3. Wicket was played on April 13 [10<sup>th</sup> vs, 37<sup>th</sup>] and April 23<sup>rd </sup>[10<sup>th</sup> vs 37<sup>th</sup>]. Base ball was played on April 18 [10<sup>th</sup> vs. 2<sup>nd</sup> RI], April 26 [10thj vs, 2<sup>nd</sup> RI], April 28 [officers of 120<sup>th</sup> vs. officers of 37<sup>th</sup>], April 30 [10<sup>th</sup> vs. 1<sup>st</sup> NJ, and May 3 [Company I vs. Company I]. The next day they all left for the Battle of the Wilderness.</p><p><u>Ours</u> was accessed 6/14/09 at Google Books via “ours annals” search. </p> <p>The New York Sunday Mercury, April 26, 1863 reports on the 10th/36th game, played on the 20th in the rain to a 20-20 tie [ba].</p>  
<p>“April 22d pleasant. On wood detail this morning. This afternoon the 9 best base ball players of the 2 New York Troy regiment play with the best 9 Jerseymen in our brigade for <em>300.00. </em>The Jersey boys beat 20 inings & a ining not played.”</p> <p>Heyward Emmell, Journal, April 22 1863. Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 2009. It would seem that Emmell was not familiar with base ball, or the game was played by unusual rules. A NPS research note places Emmell in the 7<sup>th</sup> NJ regiment, which may have been in the same brigade as the 2<sup>nd</sup> NY and 9<sup>th</sup> NJ. <strong>Note:</strong> the men were about to fight at Chancellorsville in VA, but we do not know the location of this game.</p> <p>The New York Herald, April 29, 1863, appears to report this game, in a letter datelined April 24 from "near the Rappahannock." The 2nd brigade, 2nd division, Army of the Potomac included 4 NJ regiments and the 2nd NY. A team from the 5th/7th/8th NJ played the 2nd NY for $100 a side and "betting ran high." NJ won. Gives a box score.</p>  +
<p>“[O]ur camp was made merry by the common prevalence of a variety of sports. Horse racing was quite extensively practiced, the presence of the paymasters enabling the officers to make up purses with much freedom. . . . In the Second Brigade of the Second division base ball became the popular amusement, and matches between regiments were of every day occurrence. The brigade counts for New Jersey regiments and one (the Second) from New York. The Jerseymen had played a number of matches between themselves, when the New Yorkers challenged the first nine from all the Jersey regiments to a match for $150 a side. The game was played on Tuesday, and attracted a large crowd. Betting ran high, with odds at the outset in favor of the New Yorkers. The playing was spirited on both sides; but the Jersey boys displayed the greater skill, and quickly turned the popular enthusiasm. They won the match on their eighth innings by twenty-three runs.” An elaborate box score is included.</p> <p>“Near the Rappahannock, April 24, 1863: Sports in Camp,” <span style="text-decoration: underline;">New York</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> Herald</span>, April 24, 1863. Provided by John Maurath, January 18, 2008. <strong>Note:</strong> our image is truncated in the middle of the box score, and more text may appear in the full article. The NJ nine comprised 5 players from the 8<sup>th</sup> NJ, 3 from the 7<sup>th</sup> NJ, and 1 player from the 5<sup>th</sup> NJ.</p> <p>The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Trenton State Gazette</span> carried a brief account of this game on May 2, 1863. It reported the final score as 34-14, the stakes were $100 a side, and noted that the 2<sup>nd</sup> NY was from Troy NY.</p>  +
<p>“I thought we should have been half way to Richmond before this time, but here we are all very much taken up with base ball playing recently. Yesterday the fifth N. Jersey played the rest of the Brigade for $100 a side and we beat them, to day we played the second New York on the same terms and beat them, and tomorrow the Eight New Jersey playes the second N.Y. for $300 a side, and then we play the Sickles Brigade.”</p> <p>Stanley Gaines, 7<sup>th</sup> NJ, to his sister from “Camp near Falmouth Va April 22d/63. In an earlier letter to a friend on April 14, 1863, Gaines had written, “Morality is certainly at a low ebb in the army, more preferring to play ball than to go to church, but a more generous open hearted and jolly crew than our soldiers it is hard to find.” Provided by Michael Aubrecht, May 15, 2009.</p>  +
<p>[A]  “The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Rochester Evening Express</span> published a letter from a soldier dated March 31, 1863, saying the Union Troops near what is now Leeland Station in Stafford were amusing themselves by running races and ‘playing ball, the latter being the favorite amusement or our correspondent. ‘We played nearly all day yesterday, our gallant Colonel looking on with as much pleasure as though he had a hand in . . . . (Quite a number of spectators assembled on our parade ground to witness the expertness of our officers, as they were practicing a match-game with the commissioned officers of the veteran 13th.) I learn that the 108<sup>th</sup> Regiment and the 14<sup>th</sup> Brooklyn Regiment were to play a match game of ball to-day for a purse of $25. . . . It may appear that we should be engaged in something else beside playing base ball, but I tell you it is one of the best things in the world to keep up the spirits of the men, , and not only that, but it is of vast importance to their health, and necessary to the development of their muscle . . . . The old veteran Joe (Gen. Joseph Hooker) himself can be seen out on the field encouraging the boys on as earnest as if he were on the battlefield.”</p> <p>[B] In a 2001 article, Allison Barash cites parts of this communiqué, and adds that the writer was “Captain Patrick H. “True Blue” Sullivan of the 140<sup>th</sup> New York Volunteers, who had played for Rochester’s Lone Stars Club before the war and was obviously hopelessly addicted to the game, left many written statements of Civil War ballgames.” She does note give a source for this passage or the other writings.</p>  +
<p>“William D. Rogers closed a letter to his parents by confessing he was stopping to ‘join the Boys in a game of Ball which has become a great amusement here.’”</p> <p>J. S. Sheppard, “’By the Noble Daring of Her Sons; The Florida Brigade of the Army of Tennessee,” (PhD Dissertation, Florida State U, 2008), page 200. Sheppard’s citation: “William D. Rogers to Dear Papa and Mother, April 17, 1863. William D. Rogers Letters, 1862-1865.” Thesis accessed 6/15/09 via Google Scholar search “’noble daring’ Sheppard.’’ Rogers’ unit was evidently at winter quarters near Tullahoma TN then, about 80miles SE of Nashville and 245 miles N of the Alabama border. Rogers was from Alabama.</p>  +
<p>“Occasionally they indulged in the amusing and time-honored game of base-ball, but not infrequently they were called from this pleasure, to some arduous and important duty.”</p> <p>William Whitman and Charles True, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Maine in the War for Union</span> (Dingley, Lewiston, 1865), page 247. It seems clear from context that ballplaying was not infrequent. It is unclear from the phrasing whether they played the NY game or an old-fashioned form. The passage seems to imply that the game was played in 1862-1863 winter camp; the Tenth ME was at Stafford Court House VA from January to April 1863.</p>  +