Chronology Entry Edit: 1863.1

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Salience:	None/unknown  1  2  3  4
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Game:	21st Century TownballAipuniAleut BaseballAmerican CricketAnauligatukAqejolyediBa'BaisesBaceBackyard CricketBall StandBall and BasesBall-BiasBall-PacesBall-StockBalle au CampBalloonBalslaenBalyaguBanana BallBandyBandy-WicketBarn Ball (House Ball)Base (Prisoner's Base)Base BallBase Dodge BallBaseballBaseball on IceBaseball5Baste BallBat-BallBat-and-BallBattle BoardBattonBeep BaseballBeezyBete-OmbroBilletsBittle-BatBittle-BattleBo-BallBoston BallBottle CapsBowlywicketBox BaseballBrannboll (Brennball)British Baseball (Welsh Baseball)Buff-BallBull PenBuntBuntingBurn BallCalifornia Base Ball VariantCall BallCanadian GameCashhornieCat (Kat)Cat i’ The HoleCat's PalletCat-and-BatCat-and-DogCatch a FlyCatch-BallCavalry Base BallCerkelspelen (Circle-Game?)ChangersChapitaChermanyClub-ballCluich an TigheCodlingsCoed SoftballContinuous CricketCoraCorkballCorner BallCrekettesCricketCricket -- USCuck-ballCudgelCurb BallDab-an ThrickerDanish LongballDe KatDiamond BallDiamond DiscusDodgeballDonkey BaseballDoutee StoolDrive BallDullyDutch LongEgg-HatElleEnglish Base BallEvansville TownballFeederFive HundredFlip UpFlys-Are-Up, Flies-UpFrench CricketFungoFuzz-BallGate-ball (Thorball)German Ball GameGerman BaseballGerman Bat BallGi-Gi BallGidigadieGiftballGoal BallGrutzGulli-DandaGully CricketHalf-RubberHalfballHand-in-Hand-OutHat BallHildegardeHit the BatHit the StickHittera BallHoinaHole-BallHook-em-SnivyHornebilletsHornie-Holes (also Kittie-Cat)House BallHowland RoundersHunyou-ShinyouIce CreamImperial BallIndian BallIndoor BaseballIns and WithsIrish RoundersJellalKaiserballKappenspielKekivarKersaKibel and NerspelKichke-PaleKick the BallKick the CanKick the WicketKickballKing’s Play (Cluich an Righ)Kit-CatKitten BallKnattleikar or KnattleikrKnock-OutKopfspeelKuningsapalloKwadrantLa BatonetLahden MailaveikotLang BallLangballLaptaLeik MjulLine BallLobberLong Ball (European baserunning game)Long Ball (US Batting Game)Long DutchLong TownMassachusetts GameMatball (Big Base)Meta, or Longa MetaMickeyMonday, TuesdayMove-UpMunshetsNationsNew Marlboro Rules BaseballNine HolesNorr and SpellNorthern SpellNorwegian BallNovaballOff The PointOff The WallOff the StoopOff-the-WallOinaOld GropeOld HundredOld-fashionOm El MahagOne O’ CatOne, Two, ThreeOne-Three-One-OneOnondaga LongballOver-the-LinePalantPalm Ball (Slap Ball)Patch BaseballPeanut BaseballPeeGee BallPelletPentossPepperPesapalloPetjeballPhiladelphia Bat BallPhiladelphia Town BallPie-BallPingballPitching-InPitkapalloPize BallPlaquitaPlayground BallPodexPoisoned BallPoltopalloPorschekPrelleriesPrisoner's Base -- see 'Base'Puddox, or PuddockPunchballRetenidoReversible BaseballRicketsRigoballRoley PoleyRotationRound BallRound CatRound Town (Round Town Ball)Rounders - BritainRounders -- HungaryRoundsRoundsiesRoundstakesRownesRun-AroundRundboldRunning BaseRushing BasesRussian BaseballSaudi BallSchlagballScrubShintySingle-Wicket CricketSix Man BaseballSixteen-Inch Softball (No-Glove Softball)Skirt BallSky-BallSlaballSlap Ball -- BrooklynSlapballSlavonic Long BallSoak BallSockballSockeySoftballSoftball CricketSpeilinnSpoonie HoosieSquare BallSquaresStickballStonesStonyhurst CricketStoolballStoopballStraight TownStrike Up and Lay DownStrike-OutStub OneSun and PlanetSwede BallT-Ball For One Boy (and one other 'player')TabehTarget BallTargetteTen Position BaseballTennisballThe Union Hall Game of BallThin MugoaliThor-ballThree Man Ball -- Hit It OutThree Out All OutThree-Base BallThree-Cornered CatThrow BallThèqueTip-CatTip-e-UpTire-BallTop DegenegiTouch-BallTouch-ballTouch-the-BaseTournoiTown BallTradgyTrap BallTribetTripbalTrippit and Coit (Trippets, Trip-Cat)Trounce-BallTrunketTut-BallTwenty-OneTwo Old CatTwo-Base Town BallUnnamed Games - BalkansUnnamed Games - CzechUnnamed Games - HungarianUp-BallVigoroVitillaWagglesWaggles (Whacks)Wall BallWashington GameWater BaseballWelsh BaseballWhacksWhirlWhoopWibble-WobbleWicketWiffle ballWireballWorkup
Immediacy of Report:	None/unknown  Contemporary  Retrospective
Age of Players:	Youth  Juvenile  Adult  Unknown
Holiday:
Notables:	I" in Woody(ed.)"Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsilvania17611885-19021897-1904</span>&nbsp;pp. 156-57.)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>"But physical education as a consciously organized activity in the college program was almost completely lacking before the late nineteenth century. Viewed in many instances as a contributor to indecorous behavior<em>Minutes of Trustees</em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Educational Views of Benjamin FranklinAaron ChampionAbraham LincolnAcademy and Charitable School of PhiladelphiaAlexander CartwrightBenjamin Franklin<p>"A sound mind in a sound body is a maxim to which our collegiate forbears of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would probably have subscribedBenjamin RushBruegel the ElderCharles DickensChristopher ColumbusDuchess of KentEdward IIIFrancis Dana GageFrederick DouglassGalenGalileoGeneral Abe BufordGeneral Joseph HookerGeorge WrightGovernor Willliam BradfordHarry WrightHenry ChadwickHenry Ward BeecherHorace GreeleyJane AustenJudge Samuel SewellKing Ferdinand IILady Mary DudleyLord MiddlesexLord Robert Dudley; Queen Elizabeth IMarch 10Mark HannaNathaniel HawthorneNational League PresidentNausicaaNicholas YoungNoah WebsterOliver CromwellPrince of WalesProfessors or TutorsRepubican Senator from OhioRobert E. LeeRutherford B. HayesSaint AugustineSaint CuthbertSir Philip SydneyUnion ArmyUnion General George McClellanUnited States GovernmentWalt WhitmanWilliam HulbertWrestleand Stephen F. Douglasand as a possible source of distraction from the pursuit of serious studyand swimmingand to strengthen and render active their bodiesbut about which they did little. Benjamin Franklinetc." (Source:&nbsp;Benjamin Franklinfor examplein 1761leapingmake any indecent Noiseor behave in any way rudely in the College Yard or Streets adjacent.'" (Source:&nbsp;&nbsp;College Academy and Charitable Schoolor come in or out thro the Windowsor play Ball or use any Kind of Diversion within the Walls of the Building; nor shall they in the Presence of the Trusteesplay Ballpp. 131 ff).</p>tended to place a damper upon the exuberant spirit of youth: 'None shall climb over the Fences of the College Yardthe early tendency was to discourage rather than to foster participation in it. Thusthe rules for student deportment formulated by the trustees of the Collegethey be frequently exercised in runningurged that in order to keep the scholars of his proposed academy "in healthwrestling
Text:	<p>[A] "[In April 1863] the Third Corps and the Sixth Corps baseball teams met near White Oak Church, Virginia, to play for the championship of the Army of the Potomac."</p> <p>[B] "Ballplaying in the Civil War Camps increased rapidly during the War, reaching a peak of&nbsp;82 known games in April 1863 -- while the troops still remained in their winter camps.&nbsp; Base ball was by a large margin the game of choice among soldiers, but wicket, cricket, and the Massachusetts game were occasionally played.&nbsp; Play was much more common in the winter camps than near the battle fronts."</p> <p>[C] <strong>Note: </strong>In August 2013 Civil War scholar Bruce Allardice added this context to the recollected Army-wide "championship game":</p> <p>"The pitcher for the winning team was Lt. James Alexander Linen (1840-1918) of the 26th NJ, formerly of the Newark Eureka BBC. Linen later headed the bank, hence the mention in the book. In 1865 Linen organized the Wyoming BBC of Scranton, which changed its name to the Scranton BBC the next year. The 26th NJ was a Newark outfit, and a contemporary Newark newspaper says that many members of the prewar Eurekas and Adriatics of that town had joined the 26th. The 26th was in the Sixth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, stationed at/near White Oak Church near Fredericksburg, VA. April 1863, the army was in camp.&nbsp; The book says Linen played against Charlie Walker a former catcher of the Newark Adriatics who was now catcher for the "Third Corps" club.</p> <p>"With all that being said, in my opinion the clubs that played this game weren't 'corps' clubs, but rather regimental and/or brigade clubs that by their play against other regiments/brigades claimed the Third and Sixth Corps championships.</p> <p>"Steinke's "Scranton", page 44, has a line drawing and long article on Linen which mentions this game. See also the "New York Clipper" website, which has a photo of Linen."</p>
Sources:	<p>[A]<em> History.&nbsp; The First National Bank of Scranton, PA</em> (Scranton, 1906), page 37.&nbsp; This is, at this time (2011), &nbsp;the only known reference to championship games in the warring armies.</p> <p>As described in Patricia Millen, <em>On the Battlefield, the New York Game Takes Hold, 1861-1865,</em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Base Ball</span> Journal, Volume 5, number 1 (Special Issue on Origins), pages 149-152.</p> <p>[B] Larry McCray, [[Ballplaying in Civil War Camps]].</p> <p>[C]&nbsp; Bruce Allardice, email to Protoball of August, 2013.</p> <p>[D] (((add Steinke ref and Clipper url here?)))</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
Warning:	<p>Note Civil War historian Bruce Allardice's caveat, above:&nbsp; "In my opinion the clubs that played weren't 'corps' clubs, but rather regimental or brigade clubs that by their play other regiments/brigades <em>claimed</em> the Third and Sixth Corps championships."</p>
Comment:
Query:	<p>Is it possible that a collection of trophy balls, at the Hall of Fame or elsewhere, would provide more evidence of the prevalence of base ball in the Civil War?</p>
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